Clinical Psych Test 2 Clinical Decision Making, Intro to Therapy and Common Factors
Practice Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
Patient Factors that get in way of solving the diagnostic puzzle - ✔️✔️-inconsistencies in the
data (text results vs. self reports, parent report vs. teacher, behavioral observation vs. self
report)
-impression management (faking good/bad)
-retrospective recall (patient reports of events may be faulty)
Clinical Factors.... (biases and heuristics) - ✔️✔️have impact on the decisions we make about
the data
Heuristics - ✔️✔️mental shortcuts we use to ease the cognitive burden of processing
info/making decisions
-often accurate/efficient, but can lead to mistakes
Cognitive Biases - ✔️✔️errors in judgement that are systematic, meaning they lead clinicians
to consistently make errors in one direction
Representativeness Heuristic - ✔️✔️making a diagnostic decision based on how well the
patient fits the typical or representative symptoms of a disorder
ex: patient w/ hallucinations and odd speech= shizophrenia
Availability Heuristic - ✔️✔️making decisions or judgements using easily recalled info (often
most recent or salient memory)
-often the most easily remembered cases will also be the most extreme and atypical, biasing
the decision
-arises from illusory correlation
Illusory Correlation - ✔️✔️phenomenon of perceiving a relationship b/w variables even when
no such relationship exists
ex: childhood trauma and schizophrenia
Affect Heuristic - ✔️✔️patient qualities (likability, negativity, hostility) can impact the
clinician's emotional reaction, altering diagnostic judgement
-may lead to interpreting data in favorable light for patients who are "likable", vise-versa for
unlikable patients
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