EHST 2110 Introduction to
Environmental Health ECU Exam One
with Complete Solutions
Environmental Health - ANSWER - -Aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are
determined by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial processes in the
environment
-Theory and practice of assessing, correcting, controlled, and preventing those factors in the
environment that can potentially adversely affect the health of present and future generations
Rachel Carson - ANSWER - -One of the first people to realize the global dangers of pesticide
abuse (DDT). -Wrote Silent Spring
-Bird eggshells cracking and breaking because the pesticides were weakening their shells
Earth Day - ANSWER - April 22nd
Four Subdivisions of Environmental Health - ANSWER - 1. Environmental Science
2. Environmental Epidemiology
3. Environmental and Occupational Medicine
4. Environmental Toxicology
Environmental Science - ANSWER - -Integrates physical, biological, and information sciences
-Ecology, biology, physics, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, soil science,
atmospheric science, etc.
LACv in Environmental Science:
Combined knowledge of biology, ecology, and plant science (among others) to determine the
habitat of Aedes triseriatus the main vector of La Crosse virus
Environmental Epidemiology - ANSWER - -Concerned with determining how environmental
exposures impact human health
-Risk factors that affect incidence, prevalence, and geographic range of health conditions
, -Surviellence
-Risk assessment
-Risk communication
LACv in Epidemiology:
Retrospective case study comparing people with the LACv virus and if it was common in
siblings
Environmental and Occupational Medicine - ANSWER - -Study of effects upon human beings of
external physical, chemical, and biological factors in the general environment
-Evaluation, management, and study of detectable disease or adverse health outcomes from
exposure to external physical, chemical, and biological factors in the general environment
-In 1700 Bernardini Ramazzini publishes first edition of Diseases of Workers
LACv in Environmental and Occupational Medicine:
Determine and treat the effects of LACv in the environment, treating pediatric pexposure to
LACv
Environmental Toxicology - ANSWER - -COncerned with harmful effects of various chemical,
biological, and physical agents on living organisms
-Ecotoxicology: harmful effects of toxicants at population and ecosystem levels
-Silent Spring: Rachel Carson
LACv in Toxicology:
-Use repellants to avoid bites, but what is the effect of repellent on human health?
-Toxicokinetics: ADME factors
-Toxicodynamics: Mechanism and mode of action, ex. DNA damage
Descriptive Research - ANSWER - -Making careful observations and detailed documentation of
a phenomena of interest
-What, where, and when of a phenomena
-Based on Scientific Method (Observe, question, gather information, form a hypothesis,
experiment, analyze and make conclusions, report, and evaluate
-Ex. Cohort study
Explanatory Research - ANSWER - -See explanation of observed phenomena, problems, or
behaviors
