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BSNC 1020 – Final Exam with correct Answers
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BSNC 1020 – Final Exam with correct Answers
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BSNC 1020 – Final Exam with correctAnswers
What movement is Florence Nightingale responsible for? - Answer -She is responsible
for spearheading the movement to improve standards of nursing care in the mid-
nineteenth century. She was considered the founder of modern nursing
What occurred to bring Florence Nightingale to public attention? - Answer -This was
shortly after she was appointed superintendent of English nurses in Turkey during the
Crimean War. A London Times correspondent drew attention to the lack of British
nurses which was followed by Nightingale readily agreeing to take a team of nurses to
the war. She was revolted by the filth, disease, and mortality but reduced solider
mortality rate from 42% to 2.2% in 6 months.
What was the Nightingale Fund? - Answer -This was established while Nightingale was
in Crimea to be used to promote nurses' training in England. This was used to establish
the first Nightingale School of Nursing at St. Thomas' Hospital London in 1860 that
followed an administrative model she created
What was the Nightingale system of education or Nightingale model? - Answer -This
was the standard for nursing in England and around the world for the next century. This
was a hospital-based model overseen by a trained superintendent, trained staff
members acting as instructors, and a cadre of nursing students who provided the bulk
of the care
What was the book released by Florence Nightingale? - Answer -She published her
book Notes on Nursing that focused more on health than illness care and was
designated for use in the home by lay women and nurses. This stressed the need for
good environmental conditions that allowed nature to cure naturally. The book stated
that the nurses role was to put the patients in the best position for nature to act upon
them.
What was Nightingale's background for her personal nursing education? - Answer -She
was well educated and, against the wishes of her family, sought to prepare herself for
nursing in 1850 by travelling to Kaiserwerth, Germany where she worked with the
German deaconesses under Paster Fliedner. She accepted a role in 1853 as the
superintendent at Harley Street Hospital in London
What was the results of Nightingale's success in the public attitudes? - Answer -This
triggered a remarkable shift in public attitudes toward the acceptability of women during
nursing work outside the home. Nursing became an instrument of women's
,emancipation against the prevailing middle-class restrictions on women working outside
the home.
What advocate role did Nightingale take on? - Answer -She became an advocate for the
health of people, healthcare reform, and educational preparation for nursing through
voluminous writings and lobbying of members of parliament to act on these views.
These views were from health data that she collected and analyzed. She responded
viscerally to situations that frustrated and angered her including the lack of active role
for women in Victorian society and the lack of social action by religious men and women
in general.
Why was the educational model of the Nightingale school missing from the new hospital
schools in Canada? - Answer -This was largely because the new schools had no
financing and required students to provide nursing service to the hospital in return for
their education and living experiences
Why was there a race to establish hospitals? - Answer -This was in the early 1890s that
was undoubtedly spurred on by the financial benefits of establishing associated schools
of nursing.
What were the financial advantages of a hospital with a school of nursing? - Answer -
This gave the institutions a competitive edge relative to others to which paying patients
may turn for care. A training school provided security against incurring a financial loss if
the number of paying patients dropped at any point. Training schools attached to a
hospital also ensured a higher standard of care than one without a school.
Where was the first hospital diploma school in Canada? - Answer -This was at the St.
Catherines Training School that opened in 1874 at the St. Catharines General and
Marine Hospital.
What were the admission standards of the first hospital diploma school in Canada? -
Answer -These were plain English education, good character, and Christian motives
What was the curriculum of the first hospital diploma school in Canada? - Answer -
These nurses were taught chemistry, sanitary science, physiology, anatomy, and
hygiene. They were also taught to observe patients for changes in temperature, skin
condition, pulse, respirations, and functions of organs and to report faithfully to the
attending physician
1881 - Answer -The school for nurses at the Toronto General Hospital was established
1884 - Answer -Mary Agnes Snively was appointed superintendent of the school for
nurses at the Toronto General Hospital
,1896 - Answer -Mary Agnes Snively introduced a 3 year course at Toronto General
Hospital with 84 hours of practical nursing and 119 hours of instruction by the medical
staff
1887 - Answer -The Winnipeg General Hospital initiated the first training school for
Nurses in Western Canada. 134 of its graduates served as nurses in WWI
1890 - Answer -By this point hospitals in Montreal, Fredricton, Saint John, Halifax, and
Charlottetown had opened schools of nursing
1891 - Answer -Vancouver General Hospital began a school of nursing
1894 - Answer -Medicine Hat opened a school of nursing
1930 - Answer -By this point there were approximately 330 schools of nursing in
Canada
1898 - Answer -The Victorian Order of Nurses was formed by the National Council of
Women under the presidency of Lady Ishbel Aberdeen following the discovery of the
plight of women in Western Canada who had to give birth in remote locations with no
assistance.
What is the Victorian Order of Nurses? - Answer -This signified a professional standard
of education for Canadian nurses that recognized the need not only for altruism and
compassion but also for nursing knowledge
What is the International Council of Nurses? - Answer -This started as a small
organization in the broader context of the women's movement with the goals of
professional welfare of nurses, the interests of women, and the improvement of the
people's health.
1899 - Answer -The International Council of Nurses was founded as an initiative by
Bedford Fenwick with Britain, Germany, and the United States as member organizations
Who were the founding members of the International Council of Nurses? - Answer -
These were part of a growing number of women who were active in social and health
care reform who sought to improve women's social position including the right to vote
1904 - Answer -Mary Agnes Snively was elected the first treasurer of the ICN until this
year
1905 - Answer -The Canadian Nurse Journal was established as was catalyzed by the
ICN formation. This journal aids in uniting and uplifting the professional and in keeping
alive that esprit de corps and desire to grow better and wiser in work and life
, 1907 - Answer -Mary Agnes Snively was named the first president of the Canadian
Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses. This was because she
focused on organizing these superintendents
1908 - Answer -The Canadian Association of Trained Nurses later known as CNA was
established with Mary Agnes Snively as its first president
1909 - Answer -The CNA was officially welcomed into the ICN
2013 - Answer -Judith Shamian was named the ICN president, becoming the third
Canadian nurse to serve in this role
1924 - Answer -The Canadian Association of Trained Nurses name was changed the
the Canadian Nurses Association
1930 - Answer -The CNA became a federation of provincial associations
How did the struggle for women's rights help nurses? - Answer -This helped them
secure laws to regulate their progression. They formed provincial nurses' associations
and sought legislation that would set educational standards and improve nursing care
1910 - Answer -This was the year the first voluntary registration act was past in Nova
Scotia allowing nongraduate nurses to register. Following this other provinces passed
initial acts that contained more restrictive standards.
What set the admission criteria and curricula for nursing schools? - Answer -This was
set by rules governing the registration and discipline of practicing nurses
What is the role in provincial or territorial legislation and regulations for nurses? -
Answer -These are used grant qualified nurses the legal authority to use the title
registered nurse or RN. Mandatory rather than permissive legislation is a statute
containing the scope of nursing practice as well as protecting the use of the title
registered nurse. Licensure laws are designed to protect the public against unqualified
and incompetent practitioners
1979 - Answer -Sister Simone Roach was appointed by the CNA to develop a new code
of ethics for Canadian nurses. She identified two underlying values: caring as a unique
focus of nursing and respect for persons and its related principle the sanctity of human
life.
1980 - Answer -Roach's new code of ethics was approved by the CNA Board of
Directors. This was intended to provide meaningful guidelines for nurses experiencing
ethical conflicts in daily practice. These ethics are value-based rather than rule-based.
Why was public health programs and new patterns of health care delivery supported
after 1918? - Answer -This was following the devasting consequences of WWI and the
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