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SCSU BIO 120 Exam 1 Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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SCSU BIO 120 Exam 1 Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AMSCSU BIO 120 Exam 1 Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
what are the milestones in microbiology through history? - ✔️✔️• Pasteurization
• The Germ Theory of Disease
- Vaccination
- Chemotherapeutics and antibiotics
• Microscopy
what did Pasteur show? - ✔️✔️microbes are responsible for fermentation
what is fermentation? - ✔️✔️the conversion of sugar to alcohol to make beer and wine
what is responsible for food spoilage? - ✔️✔️microbial growth
describe Pasteurization - ✔️✔️-the application of a high heat for a short time
-kills most bacteria
what is the "Golden Age of Microbiology"? - ✔️✔️time when discovered:
-relationship between microbes and disease
-immunity
-antimicrobial drugs
describe the germ theory of disease - ✔️✔️-applying Pasteur's work
-Joseph Lister= microbes cause infection
-Robert Koch's postulates
describe Koch's postulates (4 points) - ✔️✔️germ theory of disease
1. microbe must be present in someone that is ill
2. microbe must be isolated and grown in pure culture
3. microbe must cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism
4. microbe must be reisolated from second organism and identified as the original microbe
describe vaccination - ✔️✔️-Edward Jenner= cowpox for small pox
-protection= immunity
-taking a microbe that doesn't cause disease but is similar to one that does in order to teach
body immunity
describe chemotherapy - ✔️✔️treatment with chemicals
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,©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AM
-can be synthetic drugs or antibiotics
describe antibiotics - ✔️✔️chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other
microbes
-do NOT work on viruses
describe the first synthetic drugs - ✔️✔️-Paul Ehrlich speculated about a "magic bullet" that
could destroy a pathogen w/o harming the host
-PE developed a synthetic arsenic drug, salvarison, to treat syphilus
who discovered the first antibiotic? (describe) - ✔️✔️-Alexander Fleming (on accident)
-Penicillum fungus makes Penicillin, killed S. aureus
what is the area of inhibition? - ✔️✔️area between microbial and microbe itself (can't grow),
made by antibiotics most of the time
what is molecular genetics? - ✔️✔️the study of how microbes inherit traits
what is molecular biology? - ✔️✔️the study of how DNA directs protein synthesis
what is genomics? - ✔️✔️the study of an organism's genes
-provided new tool for classifying microorganisms
describe recombinant DNA - ✔️✔️-DNA made from two different sources
-Paul Berg inserted animal DNA into bacterial DNA
describe the idea of microbial ecology - ✔️✔️bacteria recycle carbon, nutrients, sulfur, and
phosphorus that can be used by plants and animals
describe bioremediation - ✔️✔️bacteria degrade organic matter in sewage
-degrade or detoxify pollutants such as oil and mercury
describe biological insecticides - ✔️✔️-microbes that are pathogenic to insects are alternatives
to chemical pesticides in preventing insect damage to crops and disease transmission
-some bacteria are fatal to many insects but not to animals, plants, or humans
what is biotechnology? - ✔️✔️use of microbes to produce foods and chemicals
what are "normal microbiota?" - ✔️✔️microbes normally present in and on the human body
what did Anton can Leeuwenhoek do? - ✔️✔️described
live microorganisms using a microscope
how are the sizes of bacteria and protozoa expressed? - ✔️✔️in terms of
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, ©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AM
micrometers (µm), one millionth of a meter
what is the approximate size of bacteria? - ✔️✔️-a typical spherical bacterium (coccus) is
approximately 1 µm in diameter
-a typical rod-shaped bacterium (bacillus) is
approximately 1 µm wide x 3 µm long
how are the sizes of viruses expressed? - ✔️✔️in terms of nanometers (nm), one billionth of a
meter
describe microscopy - ✔️✔️-using microscopes to view samples and objects that
cannot be seen with the unaided eye
-the primary tools of a microbiologist for visualizing
specimens
-multiple forms of microscopy that allow
visualization of different structures on different scales
describe simple microscopes - ✔️✔️-one magnifying lens
-Leeuwenhoek's simple
microscopes had a maximum
magnifying power of about
x300
describe compound light microscopes - ✔️✔️objective (x4, x10, x40, x100) and ocular lenses
(x10)
what are photomicrographs? - ✔️✔️photographs taken through the lens system of the
compound light microscope
what is magnification? - ✔️✔️degree to which something is enlarged
what is resolution/resolving power? - ✔️✔️ability to distinguish 2 points as separate entities
-shorter wavelengths of light provide greater resolution
what is the refractive index? - ✔️✔️a measure of the light-bending ability of a medium
describe CLM with oil emersion - ✔️✔️-oil is used to keep light from bending away from
specimen or high mag lens
-sometimes called "bright field microscopes" bc they're observed against a bright background
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