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GMS 6530 FINAL Exam with complete solutions

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Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart? Tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar Mitral, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar Aortic semilunar, pulmonary semilunar, tricuspid, bicuspid...

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  • August 13, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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GMS 6530 FINAL Exam with complete
solutions

Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from
the vena cava through the heart?

Tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar
Mitral, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar
Aortic semilunar, pulmonary semilunar, tricuspid, bicuspid
Bicuspid, aortic semilunar, tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar - ANSWER-tricuspid,
pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar

Which chamber initially receives blood from the systemic circuit?

Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle - ANSWER-right atrium

In which septum is it normal to find openings in the adult?

interatrial septum
interventricular septum
atrioventricular septum - ANSWER-atrioventricular septum

Which portion of the ECG corresponds to repolarization of the atria?

P wave
QRS complex
T wave
atrial repolarization is masked by ventricular depolarization - ANSWER-atrial
repolarization is masked by ventricular depolarization

The cardiovascular centers are located in which area of the brain?

medulla oblongata
pons

,mesencephalon (midbrain)
cerebrum - ANSWER-medulla oblongata

Which of the following is a negative inotrope?

Na+
K+
Ca2+
both Na+ and K+ - ANSWER-K+

In a healthy young adult, what happens to cardiac output when heart rate increases
above 160 bpm?

It increases.
It decreases.
It remains constant.
There is no way to predict. - ANSWER-It decreases.

The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is known as ________.

preload
afterload
cardiac output
stroke volume - ANSWER-afterload

The endothelium is found in the ________.

tunica interna
tunica media
tunica externa
lumen - ANSWER-tunica interna

Closer to the heart, arteries would be expected to have a higher percentage of
________.

endothelium
smooth muscle fibers
elastic fibers
collagenous fibers - ANSWER-elastic fibers

Which of the following best describes veins?

,thick walled, small lumens, low pressure
thin walled, large lumens, low pressure
thin walled, small lumens, high pressure
thick walled, large lumens, high pressure - ANSWER-thin walled, large lumens, low
pressure

Venoconstriction increases which of the following?

blood pressure within the vein
blood flow within the vein
return of blood to the heart
all of the above - ANSWER-all of the above

Would stroke volume be expected to be largest in a patient with high or low blood
pressure, everything else being equal?

High
Low - ANSWER-Low

Which statement best describes the process of arteriosclerosis?

Buildup of plaques in blood vessels, restricting blood flow
Stiffening of blood vessels due to loss of elastic fibers - ANSWER-Stiffening of blood
vessels due to loss of elastic fibers

If you were to drink a liter of cola, the increased blood pressure due to increased blood
volume would be detected by _______.

Chemoreceptors
Baroreceptors
Baroreflexes
Farva-receptors - ANSWER-Baroreceptors

Acetazolamide inhibits which enzyme?

Carbonic anhydrase
NHE3
Na+ transport proteins
Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter
ACE - ANSWER-Carbonic anhydrase

, Furosemide inhibits which enzyme?

Carbonic anhydrase
NHE3
Na+ transport proteins
Na+/K+/2Cl-cotransporter
ACE - ANSWER-Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter

Assuming equal diuretic effects, which drug would be more appropriate for an 80 year
old woman with a history of bone fractures?

Furosemide
Hydrochlorothiazide - ANSWER-Hydrochlorothiazide

Many diuretics may cause hypokalemia as a side effect. Which of these drugs would be
used to avoid this?

Acetazolamide
Furosomide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Amiloride
Mannitol - ANSWER-Amiloride

Which mechanism best describes mannitol's mechanism of action as a diuretic?

Increased Na+ reabsorption
Decreased Na+ reabsorption
Increased K+ reabsorption
Decreased K+ reabsorption
Osmosis - ANSWER-Osmosis

If the goal is to have a large effect on Na+reabsorption, which drug is most likely to be
prescribed?

Hydrochlorothiazide
Furosemide
Triamterene
Spironolactone
Amiloride - ANSWER-Furosemide

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