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D386 Study Guide Exam 2024/2025 Questions with Completed & Verified Solutions.
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D386 Study GuideCPU - ANS The primary component of a computer responsible for executing instructions,
performing calculations, and managing data processing tasks
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) - ANS The part of the CPU that performs arithmetic operations (add,
subtract, etc.) and logical operations (and, or, not) on data
CU (Control Unit) - ANS The part of the CPU that manages and coordinates the execution of
instructions, controls data flow between different parts of the CPU and memory, and oversees
overall operations of computer's components
Register - ANS Small, high-speed storage units within the CPU that temporarily hold data and
instructions that the CPU is processing, enhancing data access speed and overall efficiency
Pipelining - ANS - A technique used in CPU design to increase instruction throughput by
breaking down the instruction execution process into stages and allowing multiple instructions to
be processed simultaneously at different stages of the pipeline
- This enhances the overall speed of instruction execution
RAM (Random Access Memory) - ANS A computer component used to load applications and
files into a non-persistent and fast storage area, holds OS system code
L1 cache - ANS - Smallest and fastest cache
- Integrated into CPU core
L2 cache - ANS - Larger but slower than L1
- Resides outside of CPU core
L3 cache - ANS - Larger but slower than L2
- Shared amongst all CPU cores
Virtual RAM - ANS - Space on a hard drive allocated by the OS that pretends to be memory
- Page file (windows) or swap space (Mac, Linux)
Motherboard - ANS Printed circuit board that contains computer components and provides
connectors
ATX motherboard - ANS A full-size motherboard
Mini-ATX motherboard - ANS A motherboard that is smaller than ATX with similar features
, Micro-ATX motherboard - ANS A motherboard that is smaller than a mini-ATX, less features and
abilities
Mini-ITX motherboard - ANS A motherboard designed as replacement for ATX, smaller and less
abilities due to size, Information Technology eXtended
Expansion slots - ANS Slots that allow you to add extra computer components, think PCIe
- Older, but also PCI
- M.2 slots (for SSD and Wi-Fi cards)
Memory slots - ANS Slots where you insert RAM sticks, DIMM slots (DDR3, DDR4, DDR5),
SODIMM slots (smaller for laptops)
Cache - ANS High-speed storage area that temporarily holds frequently accessed data or
instructions
Northbridge Chip - ANS A chip that manages fast connections between CPU, RAM, graphics
card
Southbridge Chip - ANS A chip that manages slow connections between hard drives, USB
ports, audio devices, network interfaces
HDD - ANS A storage device that stores data on metal or glass platter coated with magnetic
substance, cheaper for mass storage, slow
SSD - ANS A storage device that uses flash memory technology to implement persistent mass
storage, more expensive but fast
- NVMe
NAS - ANS A centralized storage system with sharing capabilities and remote access
RAID 0 - ANS - A RAID technique in which data is striped or alternated between disks
- Great for speed
- No data redundancy
RAID 1 - ANS - A RAID technique in which data is mirrored between disks
- Full redundancy
- A loss of space of one disk
RAID 5 - ANS - A RAID technique in which data is spread amongst three disks
- Parity
- Full redundancy
- Very common
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