BBH 101 Final questions with correct
answers
Imagine that over the past year there have been 1312 new cases of ADHD diagnosed at PSU.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
That statistic would be an example of the ___________ of ADHD.
m m m m m m m m m m m
a. prevalance
m
b. evidence - ANSWER: ➡ incidence
m m m mm m
A sample of individuals is recruited, about half who suffer from attention problems and half
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
that do not. They ask them how frequently they use smartphones and determine if those
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
who use them more often have more attention problems. What kind of study is this? -
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
ANSWER: ➡ Case-control
m mm m
Empirical - ANSWER: ➡ -original research done by the author
m m mm m m m m m m
-abstract describes experiment m m
-reads like a lab report, containing results and methods
m m m m m m m m
-specific title m
-p-value
Literature Review - ANSWER: ➡ -Not original research
m m m mm m m m
-written about existing research to point out best current evidence
m m m m m m m m m
-general title m
-reads like an essay m m m
-no results or methods
m m m
Meta-Analysis - ANSWER: ➡ -a collection of many empirical studies and synthesizing them
m m mm m m m m m m m m m
for one overall result
m m m m
-a lot of combined data
m m m m
,-discussion of methods, but only about how they collected all the data
m m m m m m m m m m m
Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRH) is released from the _________________ and prompts
m m m m m m m m m m
the secretion of ________________ from the ___________________. - ANSWER: ➡ -Hypothalamus
m m m m m m m m m mm m
-ACTH
-Anterior Pituitary m
Phillip appears t be healthy, but his doctor recommends he get screened for prostate cancer
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
due to a family history if the disease. Screening is what type of prevention? - ANSWER: ➡
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m mm
Secondary
m
Julia wants to start running as a way of staying healthy. She doesn't have confidence in her
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
ability to maintain a regular running schedule though, which causes her to avoid initiating
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
the behavior. Which theory of behavior change best explains this decision? - ANSWER: ➡
m m m m m m m m m m m m m mm
Theory of Planned Behavior
m m m m
You are trying to determine the risk of CVD in two patients. Patient 1 has a total cholesterol of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
300 mg and an HDL of 100 mg. Patient 2 has a total cholesterol of 240 mg and an HDL of 80
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mg. Which patient appears to have a higher risk of heart disease based on these numbers? -
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
ANSWER: ➡ They have an equal risk, because both ratios are 1:3
m mm m m m m m m m m m m
Which is NOT true about Stage I of HIV infection?
m m m m m m m m m
A. It produces severe cold and flue symptoms that may not be recognizable as HIV
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
B. The patient is contagious
m m m m
C. It typically lasts for months to years
m m m m m m m
D. It lasts for about 8 weeks - ANSWER: ➡ C. It typically lasts for months to years
m m m m m m m m mm m m m m m m m m
Is it possible to observe the placebo effect even if you tell someone they will be receiving a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
placebo? - ANSWER: ➡ Yes
m m m mm m
,Using a case-control study design, researchers find a relative risk of 5.0 describes the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
relationship between having a high-stress occupation and hypertension. This means: -
m m m m m m m m m m m
ANSWER: ➡ Those with a high stress occupation are 5 times more likely to have
m mm m m m m m m m m m m m m m
hypertension
m
What is the best type of study to demonstrate a causal relationship between two variables? -
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
ANSWER: ➡ Experimental Study
m mm m m
A ________ is a research design, that by definition, involves simply describing a small group of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
patients who all have a similar diagnosis or collection of symptoms. - ANSWER: ➡ Case
m m m m m m m m m m m m m mm m
series
m
The Biomedical model` - ANSWER: ➡ -idea that all disease has a biological cause, and is
m m m m mm m m m m m m m m m m
usually the result of an infection/pathogen
m m m m m m
-ignores any social or psychological factors
m m m m m
Which of the following p-values represents a value that would typically be considered
m m m m m m m m m m m m
statistically significant?
m m
A. 0.09 m
B. 0.21 m
C. 0.01 m
D. 0.06 - ANSWER: ➡ 0.01
m m m mm m
Researchers use a cohort study design to investigate the hypothesis that daily alcohol
m m m m m m m m m m m m
consumption increases the risk of developing dementia. The dependent variable in this
m m m m m m m m m m m m
example is... - ANSWER: ➡ Dementia Diagnosis
m m m m mm m m
Researchers are studying the relationship between caffeine intake and gastroesophogeal
m m m m m m m m m
reflux disease (GERD). They recruit a sample of individuals; half who have GERD and half
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
who don't. Then they ask the participants about their caffeine intake to see if people with
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
GERD are more likely to intake large amounts of caffeine. What kind of study is this? -
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
ANSWER: ➡ Case-Control
m mm m
, The American Diabetes Association reports that there are 1.4 million new cases of diabetes
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
diagnosed every year. This is a measure of the ________ of diabetes. - ANSWER: ➡ Incidence
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m mm m
Researchers are interested in the relationship between poor sleep and depression. They
m m m m m m m m m m m
recruit a sample of participants; about half of them sleep an adequate amount each night and
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
half have what is considered insufficient sleep. None of the participants are depressed at the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
start of the study. Researchers follow the participants for 5 years to determine if those with
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
an insufficient amount of sleep are more likely to develop depression. What kind of study is
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
this? - ANSWER: ➡ Cohort
m m m mm m
A researcher recognizes people are much more likely to carry an umbrella on campus on
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
days it rains. He hypothesized that when people carry umbrellas, it causes it to rain. Which of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
the following best describes what is really going on with umbrellas and rain in relation to the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
researcher's hypothesis?
m m
A. bidirectional causation
m m
B. Reverse causation
m m
C. There is a confounding variable
m m m m m
D. Coincidence - ANSWER: ➡ B. reverse causation
m m m mm m m m
In an experimental study, one group is given a new pharmaceutical drug and another is given
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
a placebo, The group given the placebo is referred to as the _________ group. - ANSWER: ➡
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m mm
control
m
Researchers conduct a survey of elderly individuals residing at nursing homes in PA. The
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
researchers sit down with each participant and ask them a series of questions about their
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
well-being. The researchers use the survey data to write a report about the mental health of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
nursing home residents. What type of study is this? - ANSWER: ➡ Cross-sectional
m m m m m m m m m m m mm m
Researchers want to investigate the relationship between energy drinks and blood pressure.
m m m m m m m m m m m
They recruit a sample of 100 people and assign 50 to group A and 50 to group B. Blood
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
pressure is measured in both. Then participants of group A drink an energy drink and group
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
B drink a placebo. Blood pressure is measured again and pre-and post- drink blood
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
pressures are compared. What type of study is this? - ANSWER: ➡ Experimental
m m m m m m m m m m m mm m
answers
Imagine that over the past year there have been 1312 new cases of ADHD diagnosed at PSU.
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
That statistic would be an example of the ___________ of ADHD.
m m m m m m m m m m m
a. prevalance
m
b. evidence - ANSWER: ➡ incidence
m m m mm m
A sample of individuals is recruited, about half who suffer from attention problems and half
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
that do not. They ask them how frequently they use smartphones and determine if those
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
who use them more often have more attention problems. What kind of study is this? -
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
ANSWER: ➡ Case-control
m mm m
Empirical - ANSWER: ➡ -original research done by the author
m m mm m m m m m m
-abstract describes experiment m m
-reads like a lab report, containing results and methods
m m m m m m m m
-specific title m
-p-value
Literature Review - ANSWER: ➡ -Not original research
m m m mm m m m
-written about existing research to point out best current evidence
m m m m m m m m m
-general title m
-reads like an essay m m m
-no results or methods
m m m
Meta-Analysis - ANSWER: ➡ -a collection of many empirical studies and synthesizing them
m m mm m m m m m m m m m
for one overall result
m m m m
-a lot of combined data
m m m m
,-discussion of methods, but only about how they collected all the data
m m m m m m m m m m m
Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRH) is released from the _________________ and prompts
m m m m m m m m m m
the secretion of ________________ from the ___________________. - ANSWER: ➡ -Hypothalamus
m m m m m m m m m mm m
-ACTH
-Anterior Pituitary m
Phillip appears t be healthy, but his doctor recommends he get screened for prostate cancer
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
due to a family history if the disease. Screening is what type of prevention? - ANSWER: ➡
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m mm
Secondary
m
Julia wants to start running as a way of staying healthy. She doesn't have confidence in her
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
ability to maintain a regular running schedule though, which causes her to avoid initiating
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
the behavior. Which theory of behavior change best explains this decision? - ANSWER: ➡
m m m m m m m m m m m m m mm
Theory of Planned Behavior
m m m m
You are trying to determine the risk of CVD in two patients. Patient 1 has a total cholesterol of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
300 mg and an HDL of 100 mg. Patient 2 has a total cholesterol of 240 mg and an HDL of 80
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mg. Which patient appears to have a higher risk of heart disease based on these numbers? -
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
ANSWER: ➡ They have an equal risk, because both ratios are 1:3
m mm m m m m m m m m m m
Which is NOT true about Stage I of HIV infection?
m m m m m m m m m
A. It produces severe cold and flue symptoms that may not be recognizable as HIV
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
B. The patient is contagious
m m m m
C. It typically lasts for months to years
m m m m m m m
D. It lasts for about 8 weeks - ANSWER: ➡ C. It typically lasts for months to years
m m m m m m m m mm m m m m m m m m
Is it possible to observe the placebo effect even if you tell someone they will be receiving a
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
placebo? - ANSWER: ➡ Yes
m m m mm m
,Using a case-control study design, researchers find a relative risk of 5.0 describes the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
relationship between having a high-stress occupation and hypertension. This means: -
m m m m m m m m m m m
ANSWER: ➡ Those with a high stress occupation are 5 times more likely to have
m mm m m m m m m m m m m m m m
hypertension
m
What is the best type of study to demonstrate a causal relationship between two variables? -
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
ANSWER: ➡ Experimental Study
m mm m m
A ________ is a research design, that by definition, involves simply describing a small group of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
patients who all have a similar diagnosis or collection of symptoms. - ANSWER: ➡ Case
m m m m m m m m m m m m m mm m
series
m
The Biomedical model` - ANSWER: ➡ -idea that all disease has a biological cause, and is
m m m m mm m m m m m m m m m m
usually the result of an infection/pathogen
m m m m m m
-ignores any social or psychological factors
m m m m m
Which of the following p-values represents a value that would typically be considered
m m m m m m m m m m m m
statistically significant?
m m
A. 0.09 m
B. 0.21 m
C. 0.01 m
D. 0.06 - ANSWER: ➡ 0.01
m m m mm m
Researchers use a cohort study design to investigate the hypothesis that daily alcohol
m m m m m m m m m m m m
consumption increases the risk of developing dementia. The dependent variable in this
m m m m m m m m m m m m
example is... - ANSWER: ➡ Dementia Diagnosis
m m m m mm m m
Researchers are studying the relationship between caffeine intake and gastroesophogeal
m m m m m m m m m
reflux disease (GERD). They recruit a sample of individuals; half who have GERD and half
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
who don't. Then they ask the participants about their caffeine intake to see if people with
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
GERD are more likely to intake large amounts of caffeine. What kind of study is this? -
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
ANSWER: ➡ Case-Control
m mm m
, The American Diabetes Association reports that there are 1.4 million new cases of diabetes
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
diagnosed every year. This is a measure of the ________ of diabetes. - ANSWER: ➡ Incidence
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m mm m
Researchers are interested in the relationship between poor sleep and depression. They
m m m m m m m m m m m
recruit a sample of participants; about half of them sleep an adequate amount each night and
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
half have what is considered insufficient sleep. None of the participants are depressed at the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
start of the study. Researchers follow the participants for 5 years to determine if those with
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
an insufficient amount of sleep are more likely to develop depression. What kind of study is
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
this? - ANSWER: ➡ Cohort
m m m mm m
A researcher recognizes people are much more likely to carry an umbrella on campus on
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
days it rains. He hypothesized that when people carry umbrellas, it causes it to rain. Which of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
the following best describes what is really going on with umbrellas and rain in relation to the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
researcher's hypothesis?
m m
A. bidirectional causation
m m
B. Reverse causation
m m
C. There is a confounding variable
m m m m m
D. Coincidence - ANSWER: ➡ B. reverse causation
m m m mm m m m
In an experimental study, one group is given a new pharmaceutical drug and another is given
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
a placebo, The group given the placebo is referred to as the _________ group. - ANSWER: ➡
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m mm
control
m
Researchers conduct a survey of elderly individuals residing at nursing homes in PA. The
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
researchers sit down with each participant and ask them a series of questions about their
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
well-being. The researchers use the survey data to write a report about the mental health of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
nursing home residents. What type of study is this? - ANSWER: ➡ Cross-sectional
m m m m m m m m m m m mm m
Researchers want to investigate the relationship between energy drinks and blood pressure.
m m m m m m m m m m m
They recruit a sample of 100 people and assign 50 to group A and 50 to group B. Blood
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
pressure is measured in both. Then participants of group A drink an energy drink and group
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
B drink a placebo. Blood pressure is measured again and pre-and post- drink blood
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
pressures are compared. What type of study is this? - ANSWER: ➡ Experimental
m m m m m m m m m m m mm m
