Exam (elaborations)
PSY 353 Final Exam Ch. 5-10 Detailed Questions And Expert Answers
- Course
- PSY 353
- Institution
- University Of Arizona
PSY 353 Final Exam Ch. 5-10 Detailed Questions And Expert Answers
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PSY 353 Final Exam Ch. 5-10 DetailedQuestions And Expert Answers
Mental shortcuts ("Heuristics") - ANS Proposed that a small number of heuristics
guide human decision making
The same strategies that normally guide us toward the correct decision may
sometimes lead us astray
lead to errors under certain conditions
People are often inaccurate in predicting BLANK and BLANK - ANS probabilities
statistical frequencies
When we focus on whether a description is BLANK of a category's members, we
often ignore useful base rate information; we commit BLANK - ANS Representative
Base-rate neglect
The "Steve" Problem - ANS Although the description of Steve matches the
stereotype of a librarian, there are many more salespeople than librarians in the
population
The "Jim" Problem - ANS Because the description is a description of an individual
person, it could be a description of an engineer or a lawyer. Only the base rate
information matters, which participants respected only when no description was
given
, The "Hospitals" Problem - ANS A large sample is more likely to be "representative"
of the population statistics than a small sample. However, participants judged the
probability of obtaining > 60% boys to be the same in the small and in the large
hospital
The "Urn" Problem - ANS Participants mistakenly believe that the first sample
provides much stronger evidence for the hypothesis that the urn is mostly red
We tend to mentally represent categories as networks of BLANK features - ANS
Associated
Judging things based on information currently BLANK in memory; Influenced by
ease of retrieval Influenced by vivid cases - ANS Available
The "Letter R" Problem - ANS People generate an estimate by searching through
memory for relevant words
BLANK estimates often based on the ease of retrieving examples from memory or
the ease of imagining them - ANS Frequency
When we lack adequate information, we may rely on a BLANK - ANS recognition
heuristic
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