Exam (elaborations)
Psychology 353 Exam Detailed Questions And Expert Answers
- Course
- PSY 353
- Institution
- University Of Arizona
Psychology 353 Exam Detailed Questions And Expert Answers
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Psychology 353 Exam Detailed Questions AndExpert Answers
Socialization - ANS process by which children learn the standards of behaviors,
attitudes, skills and values deemed appropriate by their society
tabula rasa - ANS blank slate
G. Stanley Hall - ANS "father of modern child psychology", first to use
questionnaire method to examine children's thinking, arranged meeting of Freud
and other psychologist in 1909
Sigmund Freud - ANS believed behavior is motivated by unconscious drives,
development is a sequence of conflicts, formation of identifications, internalization
of parental values, emphasized early childhood experiences
John B. Watson - ANS behaviorist, argued psychology should focus on directly
observable phenomenon, Little Albert study
Arnold Gesell - ANS founder of Yale child study lab, carried out studies of early
physical growth & motor development, argued that much of development is
innate and infants are "hardwired" to develop optimally despite different
experiences
,John Bowlby - ANS constructed a theory of attachment in humans based on his
clinical observations of the mother-infant relationship, wrote Attachment & Loss
biology vs. environment - ANS interaction between one's biology and the
environment, how do they work together to shape behavior?
active vs. passive development - ANS Historically, infants were viewed passive
beings who played a minimal role in their own development but now we know
they engage in transactional interactions since birth
Continuity - ANS refers to development without demarcated stages
Discontinuity - ANS refers to development that is "stepwise" with qualitatively
distinct abilities and characteristics
universal vs. culture specific - ANS Culture always matters when it comes to social
development, some aspects are universal whereas others are attributable to
cultural context (e.g. potty training)
impact of historical era - ANS Children's social development can be affected by
cultural shifts and historic events (e.g. Great Depression, WWII, 9/11, etc.)
multifinality - ANS divergence of developmental paths in which two individuals
start out at similarly but end at very different points
, equifinality - ANS convergence of developmental paths in which individuals that
start dissimilarly end up in the same point/diagnosis
Why study infants? - ANS development as transformations, early experiences,
research methods & tools, & informing public policy
developmental theory - ANS systematic statement of principles & generalizations
that provide a framework for understanding how and why people change or
remain the same over time
social information-processing theory - ANS encode cues, interpret cues, evaluate
possible responses, act on decision
hostile attribution bias - ANS already aggressive children have a tendency to
interpret neutral social cues as aggressive and respond accordingly
microsystem - ANS a person's immediate environment: family, school, peers,
church
mesosystem - ANS Interactions among microsystems
exosystem - ANS large community setting
macrosystem - ANS cultural values, laws, customs & resources
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