Exam (elaborations)
STAT 110 Test 1 Chapters 1-8 Detailed Questions And Expert Answers
- Course
- STAT 110
- Institution
- Harvard University
STAT 110 Test 1 Chapters 1-8 Detailed Questions And Expert Answers
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STAT 110 Test 1 Chapters 1-8 Detailed QuestionsAnd Expert Answers
Individuals & Variables - ANS
Statistics - ANS study of the collection, organization, and interpretation of data
Descriptive statistics - ANS involves methods of organizing, picturing, and
summarizing information from data (results cannot be generalized to any larger
group)
Inferential Statistics - ANS involves methods of using information from a sample to
draw conclusions about the population (results can be generalized to any larger
group)
individuals - ANS objects described by a set of a data
variable - ANS characteristic of an individual
Example: studying the people who have claimed to the top of Mt. Everest - ANS
individuals in the study: people who climbed to top of Mt. Everest
variables to observe: height, weight, age, gender
,Types of Variables - ANS
Categorical/Qualitative - ANS non numeric-eye color, gender, SSN, area code
Quantitative - ANS numeric data-height, weight, age, # of siblings
Observational Studies - ANS
observational study - ANS study in which a researcher simply observes behavior in
a systematic manner without influencing or interfering with behavior (don't
attempt to influence responses, passive data collection) doing it yourself
response - ANS result of a study ( describes some group or situation)
Sample Surveys - ANS
sample survey - ANS type of observational study
population - ANS in a statistical study is the entire group of individuals about which
we want information (whole)
sample - ANS part of the population that we collect information that is used to
draw conclusions about the population (subset of the population)
, Public opinion poll - ANS asks peoples opinions on a variety of issues
Census - ANS sample survey that attempts to include the entire population in its
sample
Experiment - ANS deliberately imposes some treatment on individuals in order to
observe a response (influence responses, active data production, purpose is to
study whether the treatment CAUSES a change in the response) try to make
groups alike so only difference is treatment
CAUTION: statistical conclusions hold "on average" for groups of individuals, but
they don't tell us much about an individual - ANS
Chapter 2 - ANS
How to Sample Badly - ANS
sampling design - ANS way in which we select a sample from a population
sampling bias sample - ANS statistical sample of a population in which some
members of the population are less likely to be included than others
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