Ch. 5 Dental Local Anesthetic Drugs Study set
Lidocaine - ✔✔What was the first amide local anesthetic drug?
Lofgren - ✔✔Who developed the frist amide local anesthetic drug?
1943 - ✔✔What year was the frist amide (Lidocaine) developed?
Lidocaine - ✔✔What type of LA drug remains the gold standard against which local
anesthetic drugs are compared?
Lidocaine - ✔✔It has a long and impressive record of reliability, with a rapid onset,
rare reports of hypersensitivity
Pulpal: 60 min
Soft tissue: 5 hours - ✔✔What is the typical pulpal duration and soft tissue duration of
Lidocaine?
%
Lidocaine - ✔✔What type of LA drug has been described as a Versatile drug due to its
nearly universal applicability in all areas of health care delivery?
Xylocaine - ✔✔What is another name for Lidocaine?
Lidocaine - ✔✔What type of LA drug has been noted to have anticonvulsant
properties and in large doses has been used to terminate seizures or decrease their
durations?
Depressing the excitability of cortical neurons thus raising seizure thresholds? -
✔✔How does Lidocaine act to prevent or terminate seizures similar to tother local
anesthetics with anticonvulsant properties?
- Mepivacaine
- Prilocaine
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- Cocaine - ✔✔What local anesthetics demonstrate anticonvulsant properties similar
to lidocaine, at blood levels that are well below seizure thresholds?
- 2% lidocaine plain
- 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epi.
- 2% lidocaine with 1:50,000 epi. - ✔✔Lidocaine is provided in the following
formulations:
Epinephrine - ✔✔What vasoconstrictor is added to increase the safety and duration of
local anesthetic drugs?
Very short duration:
Pulpal: 5-10 minutes
Soft tissue: 60-120 minutes - ✔✔How long does 2% lidocaine plain (without
vasoconstrictor) last?
%
Intermediate duration:
Pulpal: 60 minutes
Soft tissue: 180-300 minutes - ✔✔How long does 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000
epinephrine last?
Intermediate duration:
Pulpal: 60 minutes
Soft tissue: 180-300 minutes - ✔✔How long does 2% lidocaine with 1:150,000
epinephrine last?
- Short acting
-Intermediate acting
- Long acting - ✔✔What are local anesthetic drugs commonly classified based on the
duration of pulpal and hard tissue anesthesia?
20-40 minutes - ✔✔How long does a short pulpal duration in dentistry typically lasts
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70 minutes - ✔✔How long does a intermediate pulpal duration in dentistry typically
lasts
Up to 8 hours depending on the injection technique - ✔✔How long does a long pulpal
duration in dentistry typically lasts
soft tissue - ✔✔Do soft tissue or pulpal durations usually last longer even when no
vasoconstrictors are used?
Soft tissue - ✔✔_____________ durations are usually much greater even when no
vasoconstrictors are used.
- Receptor binding strength
- It's vasoactivity - ✔✔What are the Key considerations in the duration action in LA
drugs?
%
Strong enough to affect protein receptors - ✔✔How strong is the receptor binding
strength of Lidocaine without a vasoconstrictor?
Strong vasodilating effect, providing very short duration of action - ✔✔What
vasodilating effect does lidocaine have to effect the duration of action when used
without a vasoconstrictor?
Vasoconstrictors - ✔✔What prolongs local anesthetic durations by constricting local
vasculature?
Etidocaine - ✔✔A long acting amide no longer packaged for dentistry and formaerly
marketed as Duranest?
Lidocaine - ✔✔Which amide local anesthetic formula has less similarity to tother
amide drugs?
3.2 mg/lb - ✔✔What is the MRD for 2% Lidocaine in mg/lb
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