Practice Test 1 CCRN questions with answers

Practice Test 1 CCRN questions with
answers

What is vasogenic cerebral edema? - ANSWER: ➡ Vasogenic cerebral edema is an increase in
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extracellular fluid caused by a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier with the resultant increase
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in vascular permeability. This cerebral edema begins locally and becomes more generalized.
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Common causes are trauma (including surgical trauma), tumors, hemorrhage, and abscesses
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What ventilator parameter indicates fluid volume excess? - ANSWER: ➡ An A:a gradient
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greater than 10 mm Hg is a reflection of a diffusion defect. Note that the process of diffusion is
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between A (alveolus) and (a) arterial blood. An increase in intraalveolar fluid dilutes and
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inactivates surfactant, causing alveolar collapse (decreasing vital capacity) and decreases lung
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compliance. Peak inspiratory pressure increases reflect a decrease in lung compliance
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What does autonomy refer to? - ANSWER: ➡ The patient's right to make decisions for
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themselves
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What does beneficence mean? - ANSWER: ➡ Obligation to do good
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What does nonmaleficence mean? - ANSWER: ➡ Obligation to do no harm
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What does fidelity mean? - ANSWER: ➡ the obligation to abide by agreements and
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responsibilities
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What does veracity mean? - ANSWER: ➡ The obligation to tell the truth
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What are Diagnosis-Related groups? - ANSWER: ➡ DRGs constitute a prospective payment
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program for Medicare patients. Payment is based on primary and secondary diagnosis,
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primary and secondary procedures, age, and length of hospitalization
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,BNP is secreted in response to? - ANSWER: ➡ Ventricular wall stretch
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What are omnious signs in a patient with status asthmaticus? - ANSWER: ➡ A normalization or
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increase in the PaCO2. This patient is still tachypneic, and if ventilation is normal, PaCO2 should
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be decreased. The other ominous sign in this patient would be absence of wheezing or rhonchi,
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because they would indicate that ventilation is insufficient to cause these noises.
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What problems arise from losses from the GI tract? - ANSWER: ➡ Any loss results in
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hypokalemia. Vomiting results in loss of acidic contents, whereas losses below the pylorus
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result is alkalitic losses leading to metabolic acidosis. Fluid is sequestered in the intestine
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leading to hypovolemia, which could cause hypovolemic shock.
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Actual problems are worse than potential problems!! - ANSWER: ➡
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How can you differentiate the cause of jaundice? - ANSWER: ➡ An increase in direct bilirubin is
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associated with biliary obstruction because direct bilirubin is conjugated. An increase in
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indirect bilirubin is associated with hepatic disease or excessive hemolysis because indirect
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bilirubin is unconjugated
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What antihypertensive meds work best in African american patients? - ANSWER: ➡ African-
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Americans do not respond well to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (e.g., captopril
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[Capoten]), but they do respond well to an angiotensin II blocker (valsartan [Diovan]). Of the
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beta-blockers, labetalol works best. Of the calcium channel blockers, diltiazem works best
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What lab values define acute respiratory failure? - ANSWER: ➡ 50-50!
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Hyperkalemia can cause what? - ANSWER: ➡ Diarrhea-increases gastric motility t t t t t tt t t t




Flaccid paralysis- partially depolarizes muscle cells, prevents further depolarization
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Every 1 inch increase in abdominal girth equates to how much blood accumulation in the
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abdomen - ANSWER: ➡ 500-1000mL
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, What pacing method would be used in a patient in atrial fib? - ANSWER: ➡ VVI- you don't want
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to sense or pace the atria.
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1st letter-paced chamber
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2nd letter-chamber sensed
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What is the difference between an anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reaction? - ANSWER: ➡
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Anaphylactoid reaction is clinically indistinguishable from anaphylactic reaction but does not
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require previous exposure to the antigen. Anaphylactoid reaction is not IgE mediated, and
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direct activation and degranulation of mast cells are thought to be triggered by the complement
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system. Anaphylactic reaction requires previous exposure to the antigen and is IgE mediated
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Mitral stenosis is associated with what? - ANSWER: ➡ Pinkish discoloration of the cheeks. It is a
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diastolic murmur
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What murmur is associated with widened pulse pressure? - ANSWER: ➡ Aortic regurg
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What murmur is associated with narrowed pulse pressure? - ANSWER: ➡ Mitral regurg
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What lead changes are associated with left ventricle hyperthrophy? - ANSWER: ➡ Strain
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pattern in V5 and V6 (asymmetric T wave inversion)
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When the depth of the S wave in lead V1 or V2 plus the height of the R wave in lead V5 or V6 is 35
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mm or greater, this constitutes voltage
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What lead changes are associated with right ventricle hypertrophy? - ANSWER: ➡ strain
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pattern in V1 and V2. Prominent R wave in V1 reverse progression of the R wave across the
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precordium.
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What organ system is the most common to fail in severe sepsis? - ANSWER: ➡ Hematologic-
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coagulopathies are common in severe sepsis
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