bio 182 final exam Latest Update 2024-2025
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abiotic components - ANSair, water, and non-living parts of soil
age-specific fecundity - ANSthe average number of female offspring produced by a female in a
given age-class
altruism - ANSbehavior that has a fitness cost to the individual exhibiting it and a fitness benefit
to the recipient, appears to contradict this pattern (queen bees giving themselves up for the
queen to reproduce)
asymmetric competition - ANSone species suffers a much greater fitness decline than the other
Batesian Mimicry - ANSResemblance of an innocuous prey species to a dangerous species
(Look dangerous but aren't dangerous)
behavior - ANSan action or response to a stimulus
behavioral biology - ANSstudy of how organisms respond to particular stimuli from those
environments
biomes - ANSmajor groupings of plant and animal communities defined by a dominant
vegetation type
boreal forest (taiga) - ANSforms on subarctic lands, dominated by highly cold-tolerant conifers;
productivity is low, above-ground biomass is high because slow-growing tree species may be
long-lived and become big
character displacement - ANSevolutionary change that occurs in species trait and enables
species to exploit different resources
,circadian clock - ANSmaintains a 24-hour rhythm of chemical activity-animals use sun for
direction
climate - ANSthe prevailing, long-term weather conditions found in an area
commensalism - ANSoccurs when one species benefits, but the other species is unaffected
communication - ANSprocess in which a signal from one individual modifies the behavior of
another individual
community - ANSconsists of species that interact with one another within a particular area
compass orientation - ANSmovement oriented in a specific direction
competition - ANSoccurs when individuals use the same resources
competitive exclusion principle - ANSit is not possible for species within the same niche to
coexist
Constitutive / standing defenses - ANSdefenses that are always present (avoidance, poison,
schooling and flocking that confuse predators)
Consumers - ANSeat living organisms
consumption - ANSoccurs when one organism eats or absorbs nutrients from another,
increasing the consumer's fitness, but decreasing the victim's fitness
cost benefit analysis - ANSanimals appear to weigh the costs and benefits of responding to a
particular situation in various ways
decomposer food chain - ANSMade up of species that eat the dead remains of organisms
, Decomposers (Detritivores) - ANSObtain energy by feeding on the remains of other organisms
or waste products
density independent - ANSdoes not depend on the number individuals in the population
Detritus - ANSThe waste products or dead remains of the other organisms
early successional communities - ANSdominated by species that : are short lived, small in
stature and disperse their seeds over long distances
ecology; what is it's purpose? - ANS-study of how organisms interact with their environment
-to understand the distribution and abundance of organisms
ecosystem - ANSconsists of all organisms in a particular region, along with non-living
components
Ecosystem - ANSmultiple communites of organisms that live in an area along with abiotic
components
emigration - ANSoccurs when individuals leave a population to join another population
eusoiaity - ANSsometimes altruistic behavior is involuntary; in bee population, workers sacrifice
most/all of their direct reproduction to help rear the queen's offspring
experiments - ANSdesigned to simulate changed climate conditions and to record responses by
the organisms present
Facilitation - ANSoccurs when early arriving species make conditions favorable for the arrival of
later species
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