CH. 12 - relative risk (RR/OR) Study Guide Practice Questions And Answers.
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Course
RR.
Institution
RR.
absolute risk - correct answer • incidence of a disease in a population
•indicates the *magnitude of the risk in a group of people* with a certain exposure
• does NOT take into consideration the risk of disease in nonexposed individuals
• it ...
CH. 12 - relative risk (RR/OR)
absolute risk - correct answer • incidence of a disease in a population
•indicates the *magnitude of the risk in a group of people* with a certain exposure
• does NOT take into consideration the risk of disease in nonexposed individuals
• it does NOT indicated whether the exposure is associated w/ increased risk of the disease
AR is important, why? - correct answer comparison is fundamental in
epidemiology -- allows for the forming of relationships
implications of absolute risk - correct answer • implications in both clinical and
public health policy
(example. a women who contracts rubella in the 1st trimester of pregnancy and asks her doctor " what
is the risk that my child will be malformed"? -- go get info. from past cases)
determining assocoation - correct answer • must do *case-control* OR
*cohort study*
• ex. foodborne outbreaks
• determine attack rate of those exposed and nonexposed
determining excess risk - correct answer • calculate the ratio of attack rates in
those who ate the food to those who did NOT eat the food
• subtract the risk in those who ate the food and those who did NOT eat the food -- the difference
represents the excess risk in those who were exposed
calculations - correct answer 1. disease risk in exposed / disease risk in
nonexposed
2. disease risk in exposed - disease risk in nonexposed
, relative risk (RR) - correct answer • risk in exposed/ risk in nonexposed
• tells you how strong an association is b/w an exposure and the development of a disease
calculating relative risk (RR) - correct answer • in a cohort study the RR can be
calculated *DIRECTLY*
*a / a+b* = incidence in exposed individuals
*c / c+d* = incidence in nonexposed individuals
*RR= Ie / Io
interpreting relative risk - correct answer • if *RR=1* -- risk in exposed is
EQUAL to risk in nonexposed (no association)
• if *RR>1* -- risk in exposed is GREATER than risk in nonexposed (positive association; possibly causal)
• if *RR<1* -- risk in exposed is LESS than risk in nonexposed (negative association; possibly protective)
RR! - correct answer ONLY has whole #'s (no odd numbers b/c it must be even
when we divide)
odds ration (relative odds) - correct answer in order to calculate a relative risk,
we must have values for the incidence of the disease in the exposed & the incidence of the disease in
the unexposed
case-control study - correct answer • we do NOT know the incidence in the
nonexposed population b/c we start with diseased people (cases) and nondiseased people (controls)
• therefore, *we can NOT calculate the relative risk in a case-control study*
• can, however, obtain a *good estimate of the relative risk* in a control study
odds ratio (OR) - correct answer • measure of association
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