Binghamton Bio 114 Final Review exam guide with answers 2024/2025 new update
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Bio 114
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Bio 114
Binghamton Bio 114 Final Review exam guide with answers 2024/2025 new update Binghamton Bio 114 Final Review exam guide with answers 2024/2025 new update Binghamton Bio 114 Final Review exam guide with answers 2024/2025 new update Binghamton Bio 114 Final Review exam guide with answers 2024/2025 ne...
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Binghamton Bio 114 Final Review exam
guide with answers 2024/2025 new update
All organisms are made of cells, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Conclusion: If you trace a cell's lineage back far enough, you will discover that all cells are
descended from a common ancestral cell - ANSWER- Cell Theory
The heritable change in a population over time or a change in gene frequency in a population
over a number of
generations - ANSWER- Evolution
what happens in short term, measured in fractions of lifetimes - ANSWER- Proximate
process
longer timeframe (lifetime or more) - ANSWER- Ultimate process
2 General Ideas:
Evolution explains variation
All species are related to each other through common ancestry - ANSWER- Evolutionary
Theory
collection of similar ecosystems but not part of hierarchy because it doesn't have emergent
properties - ANSWER- Biomes
a. Organisms have offspring similar to themselves.
b. We could select individual plants and animals on our farms to breed and produce offspring
that we considered beneficial.
c. There exists a large amount of diversity/variation among organisms within a species.
d. Differences among the members of a population mean that not all are affected in the same
way by ecological factors
,e. The variation between species may mean that not all areas that can do so will support a
population of a particular species or actually have a population present.
f. Typically, individuals produce more offspring than what the environment can support.
Also, Special Creation, species have never changed and are unchangeable, variation between
individuals is unimportant, and Aristotle's Great Chain of Being. - ANSWER- Before the
mid-1800s we knew:
The collection of the units at one level takes on a trait that is greater than the sum of the parts
Ex: Social groups have the emergent property to have safety in numbers
Evolution is an emergent property of populations - ANSWER- Emergent Properties
Individuals that are typically a collection of organ systems. They are acted on by natural
selection. - ANSWER- Organisms
first evolutionist to believe that organisms change over time. The theory of acquired
characteristics: individuals change as a result of environmental pressures and then pass those
traits to offspring
ex: you're JACKED and then your child is born JACKED - ANSWER- Jean Baptiste de
Lamarck
number of viable offspring you produce in your lifetime - ANSWER- Fitness
A heritable trait that increases the relative fitness of individuals having that trait
A process by which individuals within a population acquire traits that increase their relative
fitness - ANSWER- Adaptations
Rabbit invasion, tried to control population with myxomatosis virus that only kills rabbits, it
was pretty effective in killing rabbit pop , but only killed 99.9% so the rabbit population that
was resistant survived and passed on resistance to offspring through placenta
What do rabbit and virus population have in common?
They both have variation (virus- virility, rabbit- variation in susceptibility)
Both are populations
,Both have differential reproduction - ANSWER- Australian Rabbits
traits in common due to inheritance from a common ancestor - ANSWER- Homologies
the change of one major taxonomic group into another (ex: fish to amphibians to reptiles) or
creation or extinction of a species
1.) Homology
2.)Fossil Record
3.) Vestigial Traits - ANSWER- Macroevolution
the change in a population over generations that helps to separate populations from each other
genetically.
Accumulation of microevolution over time leads to macroevolution - ANSWER-
Microevolution
resulted from macroevolutionary processes
a. An increase in multicellularity
b. An increase in complexity
c. An increase in ways to capture energy for use
d. An increase in ways to deal with the environment - biotic and abiotic
e. An increase in diversity (snowball effect) - ANSWER- Evolutionary Trends
Scales that vary in shape/waviness may have an advantage regulating body temp. allowing
them to have more energy to get food
Scales over generations end up evolving into feathers allowing those organisms to survive
and reproduce - ANSWER- Construct a hypothetical scenario that explains the evolution of
feathers in birds (feathers are modified scales)
Communities plus abiotic factors. They are much larger agents than communities. -
ANSWER- Ecosystems
A process by which evolution can occur
It requires:
, Trait variation in a population
Heritability, or traits that are passed from parents to offspring by genes
Differential Survival, or individuals that live long enough to reproduce
Differential Reproduction, or individuals that will breed more offspring than others -
ANSWER- Natural Selection
All the ecosystems put together. All that gets in is sunlight, and all that leaves is heat energy.
- ANSWER- The Biosphere
On the Origin of Species - Natural selection is responsible for the origin of species
All species have a common ancestor
All species show changes in characteristics through time
All species show changes in characteristics in different environments
These three components lead us to our modern theory of natural selection - ANSWER-
Charles Darwin
Collections of individuals of the same species. Evolutionary change affects the population. -
ANSWER- Populations
Collections of populations of different species living together in the same area with natural
boundaries. - ANSWER- Communities
all organisms were created by a divine being - ANSWER- Special Creation
all species are organized into a sequence based on increased size and complexity, with
humans at the top - ANSWER- Great Chain of Being
Humans are selecting agents, who choose specific plants and animals to breed. - ANSWER-
Artificial Selection
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