,1. Multiple Choice: What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for a
78-year-old patient with newly diagnosed hypertension?
a) Beta-blockers
b) Calcium channel blockers
c) ACE inhibitors
d) Diuretics
Correct Answer: c) ACE inhibitors
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are often recommended as first-line treatment
for hypertension in the elderly due to their protective effects on the kidneys
and heart, and lower risk of side effects.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: The most common cause of community-acquired
pneumonia in geriatric patients is __________.
Correct Answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rationale: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial
pneumonia in adults, especially in the geriatric population, due to
decreased immunity and increased exposure in community settings.
3. True/False: Polypharmacy is defined as the use of five or more
medications regularly.
Correct Answer: True
, Rationale: Polypharmacy is typically defined as the concurrent use of five
or more medications, which can increase the risk of adverse drug reactions
and interactions, particularly in older adults.
4. Multiple Response: Which of the following are recognized risk factors
for falls in the elderly? (Select all that apply)
a) Visual impairment
b) Cognitive decline
c) Urinary incontinence
d) Use of sedatives
Correct Answers: a) Visual impairment, b) Cognitive decline, c)
Urinary incontinence, d) Use of sedatives
Rationale: All listed options are established risk factors for falls, which are
a major concern in geriatric care due to the potential for serious injury.
5. Multiple Choice: A 65-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes should be
screened for which of the following complications annually?
a) Neuropathy
b) Retinopathy
c) Nephropathy
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Rationale: Annual screening for neuropathy, retinopathy, and
nephropathy is recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes to prevent
complications and manage the disease effectively.
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