BBH 101 Final Exam Verified Answers
Biomedical Model: The principle that all illnesses have a biological origin.
Limitations of the Biomedical Model: - Factors such as behavior, culture, community, age, race, gender, and genetics can affect health
outcomes and are not accounted for by the mo...
Biomedical Model: The principle that all illnesses have a biological origin.
Limitations of the Biomedical Model:
- Factors such as behavior, culture, community, age, race, gender, and genetics can affect health
outcomes and are not accounted for by the model.
Biobehavioral Model: A perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and sociocultural
influences in assessing an individual’s health and susceptibility to diseases.
Hypothesis: A tentative explanation suggested based on limited evidence, intended as a starting point
for investigation.
Theory: A thoroughly tested explanation supported by substantial research, which is not absolute truth
but is widely regarded as valid.
P Value: A statistical measure indicating the probability of obtaining results if there is no true
relationship between the variables being studied.
P Value < 0.05; 5% Significance: A p-value threshold indicating statistical significance, where there is a
5% or lower chance the results are due to random variation.
P Value of 0.03: Indicates there is a 3% likelihood that the observed results resulted from chance rather
than a real effect.
Prevalence: The frequency with which a particular condition or occurrence exists within a population.
Incidence: The count of new cases of a condition over a specified period.
,Case Study: A research approach focusing on a single patient's experiences; it has limited capability to
explain broader concepts.
Cross-Sectional Study: An observational study that provides a snapshot of a population at a single point
in time without follow-up, offering low explanatory power.
Prevalence and Correlation: Cross-sectional studies can reveal correlations between variables.
Case-Control Study: A study format where individuals with a particular outcome (e.g., a disease) are
compared to those without it, assessing their prior exposure to possible risk factors; this design has
limited explanatory capacity.
Odds Ratio: A statistic that expresses how much more likely individuals with a specific exposure are to
experience an outcome compared to those without that exposure.
Cohort Study: A longitudinal study that tracks individuals with and without a certain exposure over time
to see if they develop a specific outcome; this design offers high explanatory power.
Relative Risk: A measure that describes the increased likelihood of an outcome occurring in an exposed
group versus an unexposed group.
Independent Variable: The variable that is intentionally manipulated in an experiment.
Dependent Variable: The variable that is expected to change in response to alterations in the
independent variable.
Phase 1 Clinical Trial: The initial phase of drug testing focused on assessing the safety of a new drug.
Phase 2 Clinical Trial: This phase examines the effectiveness of the drug.
Phase 3 Clinical Trial: This phase tests the drug's effectiveness in comparison to the current standard
treatment.
, Phase 4 Clinical Trial: The post-marketing phase where further information is gathered after FDA
approval of a drug.
Empirical Study: A research undertaking where the investigator executes all aspects of the study and
discloses how it was conducted, often labeled as a "clinical trial" or "cohort study" with results
discussed.
Meta-Analysis: A research method that synthesizes data from multiple studies to identify connections,
citing previous research findings.
Literature Review: A general assessment of existing studies on a topic without conducting original
research or data analysis.
Central Nervous System (CNS): Comprising the brain and spinal cord, which processes sensory
information from the body and transmits motor signals back to it.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): This system transmits messages to and from the CNS and
encompasses all neural structures outside the brain and spinal cord.
Somatic Nervous System (PNS): Responsible for voluntary movements, such as moving limbs.
Autonomic Nervous System (PNS): Regulates involuntary functions, such as breathing.
Sympathetic Nervous System: A branch of the autonomic system, activated during stress to trigger the
fight-or-flight response.
Parasympathetic Nervous System: Another branch of the autonomic system that helps the body relax
and recover.
Neurons: The fundamental cells that constitute the brain and nervous system.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller CertifiedGrades. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.89. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
