1. The adult internal rectal sphincter is controlled by the:
a. autonomic nervous system.
b. central nervous system.
c. peripheral nervous system.
d. lumbar spinal reflexes.
e. sacral spinal reflexes. correct answers A
The internal ring of smooth muscle of the anal canal is under involuntary...
1. The adult internal rectal sphincter is controlled by the:
a. autonomic nervous system.
b. central nervous system.
c. peripheral nervous system.
d. lumbar spinal reflexes.
e. sacral spinal reflexes. correct answers A
The internal ring of smooth muscle of the anal canal is under involuntary autonomic
control.
The mother brings her 4-year-old to the clinic because the child complains of perianal
itching. As part of your examination you complete a cellulose tape test. The cellulose
tape test is used for the detection of:
a. enterobiasis.
b. carcinoma.
c. amebiasis.
d. steatorrhea. correct answers ANS: A Enterobiasis (pinworm infestation) is detected
by the cellulose tape test. Pinworms are collected by applying tape to the perianal folds
and then pressing the tape on a glass slide.
Palpation of the anal ring is done by:
a. bidigital palpation with the thumbs.
b. inserting the smallest finger into the anus.
c. pressing a gauze pad over the anus.
d. rotation of the forefinger inside the anus. correct answers ANS: D
The anal muscular ring is palpated by rotating the examination finger.
Thrombosed hemorrhoids are:
a. flabby skin sacs.
b. red, inflamed, and painful.
c. fluctuant soft papules.
d. blue, shiny, painful masses correct answers ANS: D
Thrombosed hemorrhoids appear as blue shiny masses at the anus; they contain
clotted blood and are edematous and painful.
Nodules found in the peritoneum through the anterior rectal wall:
a. are found with bidigital palpation.
b. are called shelf lesions.
c. are chronic fibrosis.
d. are found by having the patient bear down correct answers ANS: B
Because the anterior rectal wall is in contact with the peritoneum, you may be able to
detect the tenderness of peritoneal inflammation and the nodularity of peritoneal
, metastasis. The nodules called shelf lesions are palpable just above the prostate in
males and in the cul-de-sac of females.
2. In males, which surface of the prostate gland is accessible by digital examination?
a. Median lobe
b. Posterior
c. Superior
d. Anterior
e. Lateral correct answers B
The posterior surface of the prostate gland lies close to the anterior wall of the rectum
and is palpable through digital rectal examination.
The caliber of the urinary stream is routine information in the history of:
a. adolescents.
b. infants.
c. older adults.
d. sexually active young men. correct answers ANS: C
Routine questions about the caliber of the urinary stream and dribbling are directed
toward older men because hypertrophy of the prostate gradually impedes urine flow.
The cervix may be palpated through the:
a. anterior rectal wall.
b. internal umbilical wall.
c. lateral urethral meatus.
d. posterior uterine surface. correct answers ANS: A
In women, the cervix can be palpated through the anterior rectal wall. It feels like a
small, round mass.
3. Which of the following is a risk factor for anal cancer?
a. White race
b. Diet low in animal fats and proteins
c. Physical inactivity
d. Infection with high-risk type HPV
e. Low body fat correct answers D
Infection with high-risk type human papillomavirus is considered a risk factor for anal
cancer. The other answers are not.
4. Factors associated with increased risk of prostate cancer include:
a. African American descent.
b. cigarette smoking.
c. low-fat diet.
d. alcoholism.
e. obesity. correct answers A
The incidence rate of prostate cancer is more common in African Americans and in
Caribbean patients of African ancestry; less common in Asian American and
Hispanic/Latinos than in non-Hispanic whites.
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