BSC1005 - Chapter 2 Verified Solutions
1. Matter: - ️ Anything that takes up space and has mass.
2. Element: - ️ A substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by ordinary chemical means.
The smallest units that make up matter. - ️ Only 92 naturally occurring elements exi...
- ✔️ A substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by ordinary chemical means.
The smallest units that make up matter.
- ✔️ Only 92 naturally occurring elements exist.
3. Four Elements Making Up Most Living Organisms:
- ✔️ Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (make up about 96% of body weight).
Atomic Structure
4. Atomic Structure:
- ✔️ What an atom looks like.
5. Atomic Theory:
- ✔️ States that elements consist of atoms.
6. Atomic Chemical Symbol:
- ✔️ The symbol representing an atom or element.
7. Subatomic Particles:
- ✔️ Neutrons: No electrical charge, found in the nucleus.
- ✔️ Protons: Positive charge (+), found in the nucleus.
- ✔️ Electrons: Negative charge (−), found outside of the nucleus.
, 8. Atomic Number:
- ✔️ The number of protons in an atom.
- ✔️ In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
9. Atomic Mass Number:
- ✔️ Equal to the sum of protons and neutrons (P + N = Mass Number).
Periodic Table and Isotopes
10. Periodic Table:
- ✔️ Elements' chemical and physical characteristics recur predictably.
- ✔️ Atoms are arranged in periods (rows) and groups (columns).
11. Isotopes:
- ✔️ Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons.
- ✔️ Same number of protons but different mass numbers.
- ✔️ Can be unstable and decay, emitting radiation.
- ✔️ Radioactive isotopes behave similarly to stable isotopes of the same element.
Electron Arrangement
12. Arrangement of Electrons:
- ✔️ Very important; electrons are constantly moving.
- ✔️ Models of atoms can be constructed with energy levels or electron shells.
- ✔️ Each shell can hold a specific number of electrons:
- ✔️ 2 electrons for the first shell.
- ✔️ 8 electrons for each additional shell.
- ✔️ Chemical properties of atoms are largely determined by the arrangement of their electrons.
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