Med Surg 2 Exam #2 Questions & Answers 100% C0rrect!!
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Course
Med Surg 2
Institution
Med Surg 2
What is the single most lethal chemical carcinogen? - ANSWER-Tobacco smoke
What dietary factors increase the risk of cancer? - ANSWER-Fats, alcohol, salty or smoked meats, nitrate containing food, red or processed meats
What is the single most important nonmodifiable risk factor of cancer? - ...
Med Surg 2 Exam #2
Questions & Answers
100% C0rrect!!
What is the single most lethal chemical carcinogen? - ANSWER-Tobacco smoke
What dietary factors increase the risk of cancer? - ANSWER-Fats, alcohol, salty or smoked meats,
nitrate containing food, red or processed meats
What is the single most important nonmodifiable risk factor of cancer? - ANSWER-Advancing age
What is the most serious toxic effect of chemotherapy? - ANSWER-Suppressing bone marrow
(anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
What are the most common side effects of chemotherapy? - ANSWER-Nausea and vomiting
What can you do to prevent the spread of infection in a patient undergoing chemotherapy? -
ANSWER-Private patient room, avoid crowds
Avoid fresh flowers and potted plants in room
Avoid IDC, no catheterizations
Teach UAP the importance of personal hygiene at least every 12 hours
Teach the patient to avoid eating raw fruits and veggies as well as undercooked meats
Do not drink liquids standing at room temp for > 1 hour
Do not change pet litter boxes
Take temp daily and report S&S of infection
,What can you do to prevent injury to a patient with thrombocytopenia? - ANSWER-Use a lift sheet
when moving and positioning
Avoid IM injections and venipuncture
No enemas
Electric razors, soft-bristled toothbrush
Avoid mouthwashes containing alcohol
Avoid blowing nose
Avoid contact sports
What is the etiology and risk factors associated with colorectal cancer? - ANSWER-Increasing age
GI diseases (IBD, polyps, Hx of gastrectomy) that propose to cancer development
Long-term cigarette smoking, increased body fat, physical inactivity, heavy alcohol consumption
High fat diet, particular animal fat from red meats, high protein, low fiber diet
What are the nursing interventions implemented postoperatively in patients with breast cancer? -
ANSWER-Promote healing (observe for S/S of infection)
Do not use affected arm for blood pressure or venipuncture
Monitor opposite breast for development of secondary malignancy
Educate patient on breast self examinations
What is the most common anemia worldwide? - ANSWER-Iron Deficiency Anemia
What is the most common symptom and complication of anemia? - ANSWER-Fatigue
Which foods contain high amounts of iron? - ANSWER-Red meat such as steak, organ meat, egg yolk,
kidney beans, leafy green vegetables, raisins
What should you educate to the patient taking oral iron supplements? - ANSWER-Take iron on an
empty stomach
Orange juice enhances the absorption of iron
Eat a high fiber diet to prevent constipation
,Stools will become dark
Use a straw to prevent staining teeth
Patients with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) only become symptomatic when exposed
to which drugs? - ANSWER-Sulfonamides
Aspirin
Quinine derivatives
Rasburicase
Chloramphenicol
Dapsone
Vitamin C (high doses)
Thiazide diuretics
What nursing interventions are involved with postoperative colostomy care in patients with
colorectal cancer? - ANSWER-Assess the color and integrity of stoma
Skin care is a major concern
Demonstration of self care
Nutrition changes
Psychosocial support
What is the etiology and risk factors associated with breast cancer? - ANSWER-Female gender
Increasing age (primary risk factor)
Nulliparity or first child after age 30
Early menarche <12 y/o or late menopause >55 y/o
Alcohol consumption, obesity, high-fat diet
Exposure to ionizing radiation during adolescence and early adulthood
What is the most therapeutic measure taken in patients with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
(G6PD)? - ANSWER-Prevention
What is inflammation? - ANSWER--A normal body response. That provides immediate protection
against tissue injury and invading foreign proteins.
-Start antibody-mediated and cell-mediated actions
, Manifestations of Inflammation - ANSWER--Warmth
-Redness
-Swelling
-Pain
-Decreased function
Stages of inflammation - ANSWER-Stage 1(VASCULAR)
- Small vein constriction and arteriole dilation causing hyperemia and edema.
( WBC's release chemicals)
Stage 2(CELLULAR EXUDATE)
- Neutrophilia occurs; pus formed. (Increase number of WBC - attacking invading cells )
Stage 3(TISSUE REPAIR & REPLACEMENT)
-WBC's trigger angiogenesis and scar formation.
Neutrophils - ANSWER-Only MATURE neutrophils are capable of phagocytosis. FIRST CELLS to arrive
at the inflammation site.
*In sepsis " Left-shift" indicates releasing immature neutrophils (bands) in the blood but NOT capable
of phagocytosis.*
*Usually in patients with multiple transfusions or transplants because the body learned and actively
produced antibodies*
Transplant rejection
Acute rejection - ANSWER--Occurs within 1 week to 3 months after transplantation, may occur
sporadically after.
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