TEST BANK FOR n n
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
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Chapter 01: Introduction n n
MULTIPLE CHOICE n
1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
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a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 yearn n n n n n n n n n n
b. Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer)
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c. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy
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d. Sexual education program in elementary schools
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e. Increasing taxes for buying n n n
cigarettesANS: B
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Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) is an example in which
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when a disease is present the treatment (amputation) is done to reduce the impact of disease
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by preventing the tumor from dissemination. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger
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than the age of 1 year, sexual education program in elementary schools, and increasing taxes
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for buying cigarettes represent examples of primary prevention. Screening for gestational
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diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy is an example of secondary prevention.
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2. This historic character observed that childbed fever mortality was more common among
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women treated by physicians and medical students compared with women treated by
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midwives. Based on his observations, he implemented a hand wash policy that resulted in
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adecrease in mortality. Name the character that we are talking about.
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a. John Snow n
b. Edward Jenner n
c. D.A. Henderson n
d. Leon Gordis n
e. Ignaz
SemmelweisANS: E
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Ignaz Semmelweis identified that medical students and physicians transmitted the disease
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nbynot washing their hands after examining bodies at autopsies and conducting multiple
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nexaminations in the clinic. n n n
3. Thanks to the contributions of Edward Jenner, the following disease was eradicated
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laterby efforts organized by D.A. Henderson:
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a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
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ANS: B n
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Edward Jenner vaccinated James Phipps in 1796
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against smallpox. Almost 200 years later, the World Health Organization (WHO)
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commissioned
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D.A. Henderson to lead the efforts to eradicate the disease.
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4. Over the past century, a marked decline in the mortality rates of many infectious diseases
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has been observed. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the observed
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declinein mortality rates from common infectious diseases?
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a. Development of penicillin n n
b. Development of insulin n n
c. Development of vaccines n n
d. Improvement in social conditions n n n
e. Worse sanitation and unsafe n n n
waterANS: D
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Although medical treatments potentially helped in the decrease of infectious diseases, the
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advancement in social conditions played a major role. These improvements include better
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sanitation, safe disposal of waste, better nutrition, and improvement in housing
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conditions.
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Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission n n n n n n
Test Bank n
n MULTIPLE
CHOICE
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1. Which term most accurately describes the following definition? “The occurrence in a
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community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other
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health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy.” [Porta M, ed. A Dictionary
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of Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.]
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a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack rate n
e. Incubation
periodANS: B
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An epidemic is the occurrence of health-related events in a community or region, in clear
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excess of normal expectation. Endemic is not true because it is defined as the constant
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occurrence of a disease, disorder, or noxious infectious agent in a geographic area or
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Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights n n n n n n n
reserved.
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,Test Bank
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population group. Pandemic is not true because it is defined as an epidemic occurring over
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avery wide area, crossing international boundaries, and usually affecting a large number of
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Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights
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reserved.
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, Test Bank n 1-4
people. Attack rate is not true because it is defined as number of people at risk in whom a
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certain illness develops over total number of people at risk. Incubation period is not true
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because it is the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness
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(theonset of recognizable symptoms).
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2. What is the most accurate definition of the incubation period (of an infectious disease)?
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a. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms
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b. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the onset
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ofrecognizable symptoms)
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c. The time of invasion by an infectious agent
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d. The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent
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e. The period between exposure and the onset of
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infectiousnessANS: B
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The incubation period is defined as the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset
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of clinical illness (the onset of recognizable symptoms); in other words, the time between
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themoment of developing symptoms and the moment of invasion by an infectious agent.
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“The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms” is not true as it
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corresponds to “time of onset.” “The time of invasion by an infectious agent” is not true as
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itcorresponds to “time of infection.” “The time between initiation of infection and first
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shedding or excretion of the agent” and “The period between exposure and the onset of
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infectiousness” are not true as they correspond to the latent period. (The latent period is
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focusing on the onset of infectiousness, but the incubation period is focusing on the onset of
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the symptom.)
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3. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety
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Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100
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volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.
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Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food
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from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. Based only on the information given
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inthis question, how many people are at risk in this food poisoning outbreak?
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a. 1,000
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b. 1,100
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c. 1,150
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d. 150
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e. 50
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ANS:
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B
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People at risk in this outbreak are people who were exposed to the food at the conference.
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Even though 1,150 people were at the conference, 50 people who served the food did not
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eatthe food. Therefore we have to exclude those 50 people.
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4. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety
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Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100
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volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the
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conference.Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers
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Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights n n n n n n n
reserved.
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