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Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs Questions and Expert Answers
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Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs Questions and Expert Answers
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Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs Questions and ExpertAnswers
Sedative-hypnotic drugs - ANS A class of drugs that slow down the functioning of
the central nervous system by facilitating the action of GABA.
Benzodiazepines:
-first-choice drugs for management of anxiety.
-reduce anxiety via their effects on the limbic system.
-Can be used as sedative-hypnotics or as anxiolytics.
Diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), and alprazolam (Xanax) are the most
commonly prescribed benzodiazepines. These drugs depress neuronal function at
multiple sites in the central nervous system (CNS). Depending on dose, the effects
may be sedating, hypnotic, or stupor-inducing.
Diazepam (Valium) - ANS Therapeutic Effect: Produces anxiolytic effect, elevates
seizure threshold, produces skeletal muscle relaxation.
-Short-term relief of anxiety
-Acute alcohol withdrawal
-Treatment of seizures (IV for termination of status epilepticus)
-Control of seizure activity in refractory epilepsy in patients on stable regimens
(rectal gel only)
-Relief of acute musculoskeletal conditions
--Off-Label Uses
-Panic Disorder
, -Spasticity in children with cerebral palsy
-Sedation for patients on mechanical ventilation
Drugs to treat insomnia - ANS Zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone are the
preferred drugs for treatment of insomnia.
Zolpidem (Ambien, Ambien CR, Edluar, Intermezzo, Zolpimist) - ANS -can prolong
sleep duration, decrease awakenings, and reduce sleep latency.
-does not reduce time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
-patients rarely experience rebound insomnia when they stop taking zolpidem.
-Side effects of sedative-hypnotics include headache, dizziness, nausea, and
diarrhea. High doses of these medications can lead to tolerance and dependence.
What is the distinction between the antianxiety and the hypnotic effects of
benzodiazepines? - ANS Sedative-hypnotics relieve anxiety in low doses and induce
sleep in higher doses.
Sedative-hypnotics relieve anxiety in low doses and induce sleep in higher doses. A
single drug may be considered an antianxiety and a hypnotic agent, depending on
its reason for use.
Contraindications to Benzodiazepines - ANS Contraindications:
Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
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