©PREP4EXAMS@2024/2025 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Sunday, August 4, 2024 12:41 AM
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY- (WV) : 26506
BHSC 1200 midterm 2 Exam Study
Guide with Complete Solutions
organization of nervous system - ✔️✔️1) central nervous system = brain and spinal cord
-processes many different kinds of incoming sensory information
-source of thoughts, emotions and memories
-produces signals causing muscles to contracts and glands to secrete
2) peripheral nervous system = consists of all nervous tissue outside the CNS
-further divided into sensory (afferent) division [provides information about somatic
senses] and motor (efferent) division [conveys output from CNS to effectors]
-efferent division is further divided: somatic nervous system (conveys output from CNS
to skeletal muscle) and autonomic nervous system (conveys output from CNS to
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands)
-autonomic nervous system is further divided: sympathetic nervous system and
parasympathetic nervous system (usually have opposing actions)
1
,©PREP4EXAMS@2024/2025 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Sunday, August 4, 2024 12:41 AM
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY- (WV) : 26506
functions of nervous system - ✔️✔️-sensory function: sensory receptors detect internal
stimuli; sensory information is carried to brain and spinal cord
-integrative function: nervous system processes sensory information by analyzing it and
making decisions
-motor function: nervous system activates effectors causing muscles to contract and
glands to secrete
parts of a neuron - ✔️✔️-cell body: contains a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm which
includes organelles
-dendrite: receiving or input portions
-axon: long, thin, cylindrical projection; propagates nerve impulses toward another
neuron
-axon hillock: cone shaped elevation; joins axon to cell body
-trigger zone: junction of axon hillock and initial segment; generates nerve impulses
which travel along the axon to their destination
-axon terminal: numerous fine processes originating from the axon
-synaptic bulb: bulb-shaped swellings of the tips of axon terminals; contain synaptic
vesicles that store neurotransmitters
2
,©PREP4EXAMS@2024/2025 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Sunday, August 4, 2024 12:41 AM
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY- (WV) : 26506
structural classification of neurons - ✔️✔️-multipolar: have several dendrites and one
axon; brain and spinal cord
-bipolar: one main dendrite and one axon; retina of eye, inner ear, olfactory area of
brain
-unipolar: have dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a continuous
process that emerges from the cell body; function as sensory receptors
functional classification of neurons - ✔️✔️-sensory: afferent neurons; either contain
sensory receptors at their distal ends or are located just after sensory receptors that are
separate cells; forms action potentials; most are unipolar
-motor: efferent neurons; convey action potentials away from CNS to effectors; most are
multipolar
-interneurons: association neurons; mainly located within CNS between sensory and
motor neurons; process incoming sensory information and elicit motor response by
activating motor neurons; most are multipolar
characteristics and function of astrocytes - ✔️✔️-most abundant, versatile, and highly
branched glial cells
-cling to neurons, synaptic endings, and capillaries
3
, ©PREP4EXAMS@2024/2025 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Sunday, August 4, 2024 12:41 AM
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY- (WV) : 26506
-functions: support and brace neurons; play role in exchanges between capillaries and
neurons through BBB; guide migration of young neurons; respond to nerve impulses
and neurotransmitters; influence neuronal functioning
characteristics and function of microglia - ✔️✔️-small, ovoid cells with thorny processes
that touch and monitor neurons
-migrate toward injured neurons
-can transform to phagocytize microorganisms and neuronal debris
characteristics and function of ependymal cells - ✔️✔️-range in shape from squamous to
columnar
-may be ciliated (cilia beat to circulate CSF)
-line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column
characteristics and function of oligodendrocytes - ✔️✔️-branched cells
-processes wrap CNS nerve fibres, forming insulating myelin sheaths thicker nerve
fibres
myelin sheath - ✔️✔️lipid protein material that acts as an insulator of nerve cells and
speeds up nerve conduction
structure and function of satellite cells - ✔️✔️-cover surface of nerve cell bodies
-regulation of extracellular environment of PNS neurons
4
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY- (WV) : 26506
BHSC 1200 midterm 2 Exam Study
Guide with Complete Solutions
organization of nervous system - ✔️✔️1) central nervous system = brain and spinal cord
-processes many different kinds of incoming sensory information
-source of thoughts, emotions and memories
-produces signals causing muscles to contracts and glands to secrete
2) peripheral nervous system = consists of all nervous tissue outside the CNS
-further divided into sensory (afferent) division [provides information about somatic
senses] and motor (efferent) division [conveys output from CNS to effectors]
-efferent division is further divided: somatic nervous system (conveys output from CNS
to skeletal muscle) and autonomic nervous system (conveys output from CNS to
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands)
-autonomic nervous system is further divided: sympathetic nervous system and
parasympathetic nervous system (usually have opposing actions)
1
,©PREP4EXAMS@2024/2025 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Sunday, August 4, 2024 12:41 AM
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY- (WV) : 26506
functions of nervous system - ✔️✔️-sensory function: sensory receptors detect internal
stimuli; sensory information is carried to brain and spinal cord
-integrative function: nervous system processes sensory information by analyzing it and
making decisions
-motor function: nervous system activates effectors causing muscles to contract and
glands to secrete
parts of a neuron - ✔️✔️-cell body: contains a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm which
includes organelles
-dendrite: receiving or input portions
-axon: long, thin, cylindrical projection; propagates nerve impulses toward another
neuron
-axon hillock: cone shaped elevation; joins axon to cell body
-trigger zone: junction of axon hillock and initial segment; generates nerve impulses
which travel along the axon to their destination
-axon terminal: numerous fine processes originating from the axon
-synaptic bulb: bulb-shaped swellings of the tips of axon terminals; contain synaptic
vesicles that store neurotransmitters
2
,©PREP4EXAMS@2024/2025 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Sunday, August 4, 2024 12:41 AM
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY- (WV) : 26506
structural classification of neurons - ✔️✔️-multipolar: have several dendrites and one
axon; brain and spinal cord
-bipolar: one main dendrite and one axon; retina of eye, inner ear, olfactory area of
brain
-unipolar: have dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a continuous
process that emerges from the cell body; function as sensory receptors
functional classification of neurons - ✔️✔️-sensory: afferent neurons; either contain
sensory receptors at their distal ends or are located just after sensory receptors that are
separate cells; forms action potentials; most are unipolar
-motor: efferent neurons; convey action potentials away from CNS to effectors; most are
multipolar
-interneurons: association neurons; mainly located within CNS between sensory and
motor neurons; process incoming sensory information and elicit motor response by
activating motor neurons; most are multipolar
characteristics and function of astrocytes - ✔️✔️-most abundant, versatile, and highly
branched glial cells
-cling to neurons, synaptic endings, and capillaries
3
, ©PREP4EXAMS@2024/2025 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Sunday, August 4, 2024 12:41 AM
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY- (WV) : 26506
-functions: support and brace neurons; play role in exchanges between capillaries and
neurons through BBB; guide migration of young neurons; respond to nerve impulses
and neurotransmitters; influence neuronal functioning
characteristics and function of microglia - ✔️✔️-small, ovoid cells with thorny processes
that touch and monitor neurons
-migrate toward injured neurons
-can transform to phagocytize microorganisms and neuronal debris
characteristics and function of ependymal cells - ✔️✔️-range in shape from squamous to
columnar
-may be ciliated (cilia beat to circulate CSF)
-line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column
characteristics and function of oligodendrocytes - ✔️✔️-branched cells
-processes wrap CNS nerve fibres, forming insulating myelin sheaths thicker nerve
fibres
myelin sheath - ✔️✔️lipid protein material that acts as an insulator of nerve cells and
speeds up nerve conduction
structure and function of satellite cells - ✔️✔️-cover surface of nerve cell bodies
-regulation of extracellular environment of PNS neurons
4
