WGU C182 INTRODUCTION TO IT OA EXAM ALL
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WGU C182 Introduction to IT exam 1
Information Technology
Technology used in creating, maintaining, and making information accessible.
System Administrator
Maintains all aspects of the system including hardware, software, and programming.
Network Administrator
In charge of all aspects of the computer network
Database Administrator
Focuses on the design, development, and support of database management systems (DBMSs).
Security Administrator
Install and configure firewall security to protect systems and proactively work to stop
intrusions.
Web Administrator
Installs, configures, maintains, secures, and troubleshoots web severs.
Support IT Professionals
Help desk and training.
Information
A collection of processed data from a variety of sources.
DIKW Hierarchy
Defines the transition of data to information to knowledge to wisdom. (Data Information
Knowledge Wisdom)
Data in DIKW
The input directly received by the user (or computer). It is generally not usable until it has been
converted into a relevant form.
Information in DIKW
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Having been inferred from data; one or more processes have been applied to the data to
transform it into a more useful form.
Knowledge in DIKW
Information that has been put to use; information placed into a context. Refined information
such that the user of the knowledge is able to call forth only relevant portions of information
when needed.
Wisdom in DIKW
Provides a social setting to knowledge; an understanding of the "why". Can only come by
having both knowledge and experience.
Information Systems
A collection of data and information used to support the management of an organization. Also
refers to the technical components and human resources that enable the assembly, storage,
and processing of data and the delivery of information. This has existed for a lot longer than
computers.
Characteristics of Quality Data
Relevance - the data being used must apply directly to the decision being made
Timely - data must be efficient and must be provided in a timely manner
Thorough - the data must be complete
Accurate - data should be captured only once, where possible and should be captured as close
to the point of activity as possible.
Reliable - data should reflect stable and consistent data collection processes across collections
points and over time
IPOS
The Input-Procession-Output-Storage Cycle
Input
Raw data is entered by the user.
Processing
Raw data is organized or structured for usefulness.
Output
Information is output so user can see results.
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Storage
Processed information is stored for permanent record.
Computer System
A collection of components that work together to meet the needs of the user; typically
categorized as either hardware, software, networks, or users.
Hardware
Physical components of a computer system which include the system unit and its components
and peripheral devices; tangible aspects of the computer.
Software
Computer programs that tell the computer what to do--how to execute commands and process
information
Network
A collection of computers and resources connected by various media so that they can
communicate with each other.
User
Those who use a computer.
Software Categories
Systems Software and Applications Software
Evolution of Users
First users were the engineers who built and programmed computers, then employees who had
received specialized training were users, and now today, anyone and everyone can be a user.
Protocol
Rules provided by which networks communicate with each other.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Most commonly used protocol; is required of
all computers that communicate over the Internet.
Protocol Stack
A collection of protocols. TCP/IP is an example.
Components of a Computer
CPU, Memory and Storage, Peripheral Devices
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CPU
Executes programs' instructions and commands various components in the computer. Referred
to as the "chip".
Memory
Stores the programs being executed and the data they are using.
I/O Subsystem
All peripheral devices where long term storage devices are used.
Bus
Permits information to move between each component; electrical channels that enable
communication among the electronic components
System Unit
Critical component of all computer based systems; consists of most of the hardware the
computer needs in order to run; comes in a variety of shapes and sizes.
Internal Components of the System Unit
Case, Internal Bays, Buses, Ports, Hard Drive, Motherboard, CPU, CPU Cooler, Memory Module
(RAM), Power Supply Unit (PSU), Expansion Slots/Cards
Parts of the CPU
Control Unit (CU) - retrieves the instructions and the raw data that is input and coordinates or
controls the sending of those instructions and data to the ALU
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - does the actual processing of the data; completing mathematical
calculations and logical operations to process the data and converting the input of the keyboard
text entry to output displayed on the screen
System Clock
Controls the speed at which instructions are processed.
RAM
Stands for Random Access Memory.
It temporarily stores data before it is processed and sent to your screen or printer.
It is volatile (means data or information stored disappears when the computer is turned off or
loses power).
You can choose the amount of RAM your computer has.
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