HLTA03 Foundations in Health Studies II Exam Study
Guide all what you need to know University of Toronto
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HLTA03 Foundations in Health Studies II Exam Study Guide all what
you need to know University of Toronto
Week 1 Canadian Health Demographics
How Healthy are Canadians?
No universal measure to indicate health of indvls several indicators of health
Most common is Life expectancy: average # of yrs indvl expected to live
assuming mortality rates stay consistent
Canada has the highest life expectancy; regions of Africa have lower
life expectancy
Many of the countries w lower life expectancy are war zones
How do we observe the health of a population? Life expectancy, birth weight &
physical activity
Life expectancy at birth in G7 countries
G7 is 7 of the worlds most industrialized countries
They make up an economic partnership
General trend that females live longer than men in these countries
Life expectancy by province
Biggest difference in northern regions of Canada
Why is there this variation? Does this variation matter?
Life expectancy at birth by sex & neighbourhood income
Census level data used to look at average household income in a neighbourhood
Men living neighbourhoods with lower income bracket have lower expectance
rate that men of a higher income bracket
Life expectancy at birth over time & by sex
Women life expectancy is higher than men overall average life expectancy
increases
Why is this trend consistent in the last 20 yrs.? Life style choice such as
more mindful about diet & women are more likely to seek medical attention
, when needed
Life expectancy at birth projections
Indigenous people have significantly lower life expectancy than other Canadians
, Inuit (more specifically men) have a remarkably lower life expectancy as they live
mostly in the northern regions
Birth weight
Birth weight is the body weight of a baby at its birth
Common indicator of health status bc being born w a low weight is correlated
to short term & long- term issues
In 2000s 5.6% of babies had a low birth weight; in 2013 that birth weight went up
to 6.3%
Why is the average birth weight of babies in Canada going up? Mothers age could
matter as women are giving birth later on in life
Birth weight & mother’s age
Older women & young women having babies contribute to low birth weight
Stats show that 20-34 yrs. is best age range to have a baby
Birth weight & income
Women in higher income neighbourhoods give birth to babies of lower birth
weight bc they wait longer to have babies due to getting their career kick-started
Growing income inequality
Lowest decile has been relatively consistent over the years
Highest decile has gone up
Self-rated health
On all the major health studies in Canada we ask about self-rated health ex. on a
scale of poor to excellent how would you rate your health; scale is excellent-very
good-good-fair-poor
Where you are in income correlates to how you rate your own health
Those with low income rate their rate lower than those with higher incomes
Very broad term as not getting any info on why they’re answering in such way
International comparisons of self-rated health
Go back to G7 and see that Canada has a really high percent in comparison to
UK and Japan; because its due to a cultural question
Should we take these values at face value or further interpret them?
Physical activity
Most Canadians don’t meet the recommended physical activity
Lower rates in children and youth
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