The Human Body in Health and Illness by Barbara Herlihy
1. Aorta: Largest artery in the body
2. Arteries: Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
3. Arterioles: smallest arteries
4. capacitance vessels: the term for veins because they have the ability to
stretch. they have a large diameter and are more distensible to hold more
blood. this reduces stress on the heart.
5. Capillaries: Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between
the blood and cells of the body
6. Circle of Willis: A circle of arteries at the base of the brain that supply blood
to the brain
7. conductance vessels: Blood vessels that are primarily concerned with
carrying blood to smaller blood vessels; functional name for arteries.
8. ductus arteriosus: a blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary
circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta
9. ductus venosus: connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava,
bypassing the liver
10. exchange vessels: Capillaries are also known as _____.
11. fetal circulation: the system of blood vessels and structures through which
blood moves in a fetus
12. foramen ovale: connects the two atria in the fetal heart
13. hepatic portal system: the veins that carry blood from the digestive organs to
the liver
14. pulmonary circulation: flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to
the heart
15. pulse: Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries.
16. Resistance vessels (arterioles): small diameter with a few layers of smooth
muscle; contraction or relaxation of that muscle creates great changes in
diameter, and thus great changes in resistance to blood flow
17. systemic circulation: circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to
the lungs
18. umbilical arteries: carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
19. umbilical vein: delivers oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
20. Veins: Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
21. venae cavae (vena cava): two large blood vessels that drain oxygen-poor
blood from the veins into the right side of the heart
22. Venules: small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
23. tunica intima: the innermost layer of a blood vessel
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, .
24 tunica media: The middle and thickest layer of tissue of a blood vessel wall,
composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells that allow the vessel to expand
or contract in response to changes in blood pressure and tissue demand.
25. tunica adventitia: The outer layer of tissue of a blood vessel wall, composed
of elastic and fibrous connective tissue.
26. skeletal muscle pump: pumping effect of contracting skeletal muscles on
blood flow through underlying vessels
27. superficial veins: superficially located veins
28. cephalic vein: Large vein on the outermost side of the upper arm
29. basilic vein: large vein on the inner side of the upper arm
30. axillary vein: vein in the armpit
31. jugular veins: drain blood from the head and drain into the subclavian veins.
32. azygos vein: a single vein that drains the thorax and empties directly into the
SVC.
33. Subclavian steal syndrome: A person develops an occlusion in the
subclavian artery proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery. When the
affected arm is exercised, the subclavian artery is unable to supply enough
blood. Blood pressure in the exercising shoulder and arm decreases, causing
a retrograde (backward) flow of blood from the vertebral artery to the
subclavian artery. The subclavian artery robs the posterior brain of blood,
causing neurological symptoms such as impaired vision, dizziness, and
syncope (fainting).
34. hepatic sinusoids: Blood-filled channels that fill spaces between the plates
35. Kupffer cells: these cells remove bacteria from portal blood before the
blood leaves the liver and enters the general circulation.
36. umbilicus: belly button
37. baroreceptor reflex: The primary reflex pathway for homeostatic control of
blood pressure
38. blood pressure (BP): measurement of pressure exerted by blood against
walls of blood vessel
39. capillary exchange: movement of substances between blood and interstitial
fluid
40. diastolic pressure (DP): pressure in an artery while the heart is relaxing
41. hypertension (HTN): persistently high blood pressure
42. hypotension: abnormally low blood pressure
43. Ischemia: Lack of blood supply
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