Exam (elaborations)

Advanced Pharmacology: Midterm Exam Questions and Answers

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Course
Advanced Pharmacology

Institution
Advanced Pharmacology

Nicotinic receptors in the parasympathetic NS do what? Muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic NS do what? ~~~ Nicotinic = skeletal muscle Muscarinic = organ response Examples of cholinergic stimulation responses ~~~ Constrict pupils Increased saliva Bronchoconstriction Mucus Increas...

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Uploaded on August 15, 2024
Number of pages 67
Written in 2024/2025
Type Exam (elaborations)
Contains Questions & answers

advanced pharmacology midterm exam questions and

Institution Advanced Pharmacology
Course Advanced Pharmacology

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Advanced Pharmacology: Midterm
Exam Questions and Answers
Lispro

✓ ~~~ Class: Rapid acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 5 minutes; peaks 5 minutes; duration 4-5 hours

Aspart

✓ ~~~ Class: Rapid acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 5 minutes; peaks 5 minutes; duration 4-5 hours

Regular

✓ ~~~ Class: Short acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 30-45 minutes; peaks 3-4 hours; duration 4-10 hours

NPH

✓ ~~~ Class: Intermediate insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 30 minutes-1 hour; peaks 4-10 hours; duration 12-24 hours

Glargine

✓ ~~~ Class: Long acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 2-4 hours; does not have a peak, duration 24 hours

Detemir

, ✓ ~~~ Class: Long acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 2-4 hours; does not have a peak, duration 24 hours

Glipizide

✓ ~~~ Class: Short acting Sulfonylurea for an insufficient production of insulin in DM2
MOA: Stimulates insulin release form beta cells, all potentiate effects of ADH.

Glyburide

✓ ~~~ Class: Sulfonylurea for an insufficient production of insulin in DM2
MOA: Stimulates insulin release form beta cells, all potentiate effects of ADH.

Chlorpropamide

✓ ~~~ Class: Sulfonylurea for an insufficient production of insulin in DM2; off label for
neurogenic DI
MOA: Stimulates insulin release form beta cells, all potentiate effects of ADH.

Metformin

✓ ~~~ Class: Biguanide, first line drug for DM2
MOA: Decreases glucose production in liver, decreases GI glucose absorption and

improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization;

does not stimulate insulin release for beta cells; inhibits platelet aggregation and

reduces blood viscosity.

Acarbose

, ✓ ~~~ Class: Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor; third-line for DM2 in insulin resistant patients
MOA: Inhibits absorption of CHO in GI, lowers BG levels after meals

Miglitol

✓ ~~~ Class: Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor; third-line for DM2 in insulin resistant patients
MOA: Inhibits absorption of CHO in GI, lowers BG levels after meals

Sitagliptin

✓ ~~~ Class: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor for DM2
MOA: Inhibits DPP4, breaks down GLP1 and GIP which are released in response to

a meal; leads to increase in secretion of insulin and suppresses the release of

glucagon by the pancreas; promotes pre and postprandial glucose levels.

Saxaglipin

✓ ~~~ Class: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor for DM2
MOA: Inhibits DPP4, breaks down GLP1 and GIP which are released in response to

a meal; leads to increase in secretion of insulin and suppresses the release of

glucagon by the pancreas; promotes pre and postprandial glucose levels.

Exenatide

✓ ~~~ Class: Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Agonist for DM2
MOA: Promotes insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in the presence of

elevated glucose concentrations.

, Glucagon

✓ ~~~ Class: Antidote to hypoglycemia or insulin overdose
MOA: Stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, raised BG levels; BG

concentration rises within 10 minutes of injection and maximal concentrations are

attained at approximately 30 minutes after injection.

Levothyroxine

✓ ~~~ Class: T4 thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism; first line drug of choice for thyroid
replacement and suppression therapy due to longer half-life
MOA: Produce the same effects in the body as endogenous thyroid hormones.

Liothyronine

✓ ~~~ Class: T3 thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism
MOA: Produce the same effects in the body as endogenous thyroid hormones.

Liotrix

✓ ~~~ Class: Mix ratio (4:1) T4:T3 thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism
MOA: Produce the same effects in the body as endogenous thyroid hormones.

Propylthiouracil

✓ ~~~ Class: Antithyroid agent
MOA: Blocks synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine.

Methimazole

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Exam (elaborations)

Advanced Pharmacology: Midterm Exam Questions and Answers

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