Advanced Pharmacology: Midterm Exam Questions and Answers
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Course
Advanced Pharmacology
Institution
Advanced Pharmacology
Nicotinic receptors in the parasympathetic NS do what?
Muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic NS do what?
~~~ Nicotinic = skeletal muscle
Muscarinic = organ response
Examples of cholinergic stimulation responses
~~~ Constrict pupils
Increased saliva
Bronchoconstriction
Mucus
Increas...
Advanced Pharmacology: Midterm
Exam Questions and Answers
Lispro
✓ ~~~ Class: Rapid acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 5 minutes; peaks 5 minutes; duration 4-5 hours
Aspart
✓ ~~~ Class: Rapid acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 5 minutes; peaks 5 minutes; duration 4-5 hours
Regular
✓ ~~~ Class: Short acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 30-45 minutes; peaks 3-4 hours; duration 4-10 hours
NPH
✓ ~~~ Class: Intermediate insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 30 minutes-1 hour; peaks 4-10 hours; duration 12-24 hours
Glargine
✓ ~~~ Class: Long acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 2-4 hours; does not have a peak, duration 24 hours
Detemir
, ✓ ~~~ Class: Long acting insulin for hyperglycemia
MOA: Onset 2-4 hours; does not have a peak, duration 24 hours
Glipizide
✓ ~~~ Class: Short acting Sulfonylurea for an insufficient production of insulin in DM2
MOA: Stimulates insulin release form beta cells, all potentiate effects of ADH.
Glyburide
✓ ~~~ Class: Sulfonylurea for an insufficient production of insulin in DM2
MOA: Stimulates insulin release form beta cells, all potentiate effects of ADH.
Chlorpropamide
✓ ~~~ Class: Sulfonylurea for an insufficient production of insulin in DM2; off label for
neurogenic DI
MOA: Stimulates insulin release form beta cells, all potentiate effects of ADH.
Metformin
✓ ~~~ Class: Biguanide, first line drug for DM2
MOA: Decreases glucose production in liver, decreases GI glucose absorption and
improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization;
does not stimulate insulin release for beta cells; inhibits platelet aggregation and
reduces blood viscosity.
Acarbose
, ✓ ~~~ Class: Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor; third-line for DM2 in insulin resistant patients
MOA: Inhibits absorption of CHO in GI, lowers BG levels after meals
Miglitol
✓ ~~~ Class: Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor; third-line for DM2 in insulin resistant patients
MOA: Inhibits absorption of CHO in GI, lowers BG levels after meals
Sitagliptin
✓ ~~~ Class: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor for DM2
MOA: Inhibits DPP4, breaks down GLP1 and GIP which are released in response to
a meal; leads to increase in secretion of insulin and suppresses the release of
glucagon by the pancreas; promotes pre and postprandial glucose levels.
Saxaglipin
✓ ~~~ Class: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor for DM2
MOA: Inhibits DPP4, breaks down GLP1 and GIP which are released in response to
a meal; leads to increase in secretion of insulin and suppresses the release of
glucagon by the pancreas; promotes pre and postprandial glucose levels.
Exenatide
✓ ~~~ Class: Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Agonist for DM2
MOA: Promotes insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in the presence of
elevated glucose concentrations.
, Glucagon
✓ ~~~ Class: Antidote to hypoglycemia or insulin overdose
MOA: Stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, raised BG levels; BG
concentration rises within 10 minutes of injection and maximal concentrations are
attained at approximately 30 minutes after injection.
Levothyroxine
✓ ~~~ Class: T4 thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism; first line drug of choice for thyroid
replacement and suppression therapy due to longer half-life
MOA: Produce the same effects in the body as endogenous thyroid hormones.
Liothyronine
✓ ~~~ Class: T3 thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism
MOA: Produce the same effects in the body as endogenous thyroid hormones.
Liotrix
✓ ~~~ Class: Mix ratio (4:1) T4:T3 thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism
MOA: Produce the same effects in the body as endogenous thyroid hormones.
Propylthiouracil
✓ ~~~ Class: Antithyroid agent
MOA: Blocks synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
Methimazole
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