Gluconeogenesis - ANS ✔A metabolic pathway that results in the
generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as
lactate, glycerol and glucogenic amino acids.
Leptin - ANS ✔A hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells that acts as a
satiety factor in regulating appetite.
Ghrelin - ANS ✔A hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty
stomach.
CCK (cholecystokinin) - ANS ✔hormone released in the gastrointestinal
system and is responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein.
NPY (neuropeptide Y) - ANS ✔neurotransmitter found in several brain
areas, most notably the hypothalamus, that stimulates eating behavior and
reduces metabolism, promoting positive energy balance and weight gain.
Insulin - ANS ✔hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when
blood glucose levels are high, promoting the uptake of glucose for fuel or
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storage as glycogen. Insulin helps keeps blood-sugar levels from getting too
high, also referred to as hyperglycaemia.
Glucagon - ANS ✔hormone that is released when blood sugars decrease
below a certain threshold. It stimulates the breakdown of stored glucose
(glycogen) in the liver, releasing additional glucose into the bloodstream
for fuel.
ATP-PC system - ANS ✔energy system producing ATP during high
intensity, short duration exercise. Phosphocreatine decomposes and
releases large amount of energy used to construct ATP. provides energy for
muscle contraction for up to 10 seconds.
Anaerobic Glycolytic System - ANS ✔Glucose is used for fuel and is
either blood glucose or muscle glycogen, broken down in to pyruvic acid,
when there is insufficient oxygen it then is transformed into lactic acid.
Energy up to 2 minutes.
Aerobic Energy System - ANS ✔virtually unlimited capacity for making
ATP, uses carbs, fat, protein for fuel. Slow to produce ATP. Lasts anywhere
from 2 minutes to a few hours.
Acid-Base Balance - ANS ✔The process of achieving, or the state of,
equilibrium between acidic and alkaline molecules.
Cell Signaling - ANS ✔Process of communication between cells by
biological messengers to govern cellular function.
Organic Molecules - ANS ✔Chemical structures containing only carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and/or nitrogen.
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Amino Acids - ANS ✔The organic building blocks of proteins containing
both a carboxyl and an amino group.
Essential Amino Acids (EAA) - ANS ✔Amino acids that are necessary for
bodily functions but cannot be synthesized by the body and, therefore,
must be obtained in the diet.
Branched Chain Amino Acid - ANS ✔The three essential amino acids
(leucine, isoleucine, and valine) which are abundant in skeletal muscle
tissue and named for their branch-like structure.
conditionally essential amino acids - ANS ✔amino acids that are
normally considered nonessential but become essential under certain
circumstances when the body's need for them exceeds the ability to
produce them.
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nonessential amino acids - ANS ✔amino acids that the body can
synthesize & normally do not need to be obtained in the diet.
protein synthesis - ANS ✔Process of joining amino acids with peptide
bonds to form proteins.
dehydration synthesis - ANS ✔The joining of two large molecules by
removing one hydrogen from one molecule and a hydroxyl group (OH)
from another molecule and then binding the two larger molecules together
on the newly freed bonds.
Peptide Bond - ANS ✔The bond between two amino acids, occurring
between the carboxyl group of one and the amino group of the other.
Hydrolysis - ANS ✔Breakdown of one large molecule into two smaller
molecules via the donation of one hydrogen and one hydroxyl group from
water to the smaller molecules, respectively.
Dipeptide - ANS ✔Two amino acids bonded together
tripeptide - ANS ✔3 amino acids
oligopeptide - ANS ✔4-9 amino acids
Polypeptide - ANS ✔chain of 10 or more amino acids
Denaturation - ANS ✔changing the shape of a protein but not its primary
structure.
NASM Nutrition Certification
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