✓ ~~~is an infectious particle consisting of
genes packaged in a protein coat
Capsid
✓ ~~~protein shell that encloses a viral genome, may be rod-shaped, polyhedral, or more
complex shape
Viral Envelopes
✓ ~~~a membrane, derived from membranes of the host cell, that cloaks the capsid, which
in turn encloses a viral genome
Bacteriophages
✓ ~~~a virus that infects bacteria, also called a phage
Host Range
✓ ~~~the limited number of species whose cells can be infected by a particular virus
Lytic Cycle
✓ ~~~a type of phage replicative cycle resulting in the release of a new phages by lysis and
the death of the host cell
Virulent Phage
✓ ~~~a phage that replicates only by lytic cycle.
,Lysogenic Cycle
✓ ~~~a type of phage replicative cycle in which the viral genome becomes incorporated into
the bacterial host chromosome as a prophage, is replicated along with the chromosome,
and does not kill the host cell.
Temperate Phage
✓ ~~~a phage that is capable of replicating by either lytic or lysogenic cycle
Prophage
✓ ~~~a phage genome that has been inserted into a specific site on a bacterial
chromosome
Restirction Enzyme
✓ ~~~An endonuclease (type of enzyme) that recognizes and cuts DNA molecules foreign
to a bacterium (such as a phage genomes), the enzyme cuts a specific nucleotide
sequences called restriction sites
Retrovirus
✓ ~~~an RNA virus that replicates by transcribing its RNA into DNA and then inserting the
DNA into cellular chromosomes
Reverse Transcriptase
✓ ~~~an enzyme encoded by certain viruses that uses RNA as a template for DNA
synthesis
Provirus
✓ ~~~a viral genome that is permanently inserted into a host genome
Vaccine
, ✓ ~~~a harmless variant of derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host's immune system
to mount defenses against the pathogen
Epidemic
✓ ~~~a widespread outbreak of a disease
Pandemic
✓ ~~~a global epidemic
Prion
✓ ~~~an infectious agent that is a misfolded version of a normal cellular protein, appear to
increase in number by converting correctly folded versions of the protein to more prions
Viroids
✓ ~~~small circular RNA molecules that
infect plants and disrupt their growth
DNA Technology
✓ ~~~techniques for sequencing and manipulating DNA
Biotechnology
✓ ~~~the manipulation of organisms or their components to produce useful products
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
✓ ~~~the base pairing of one strand of a nucleic acid to the complementary sequence on a
strand from another nucleic acid molecule.
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