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643 Midterm Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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643 Midterm Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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643 MidtermSystematic Review involves: - ANS 1. Clinical question
2. Exhaustive literature search
3. Rigorous review and appraisal
4. Most valid information is synthesized
5. Combined
-Systematic Reviews - extensive research on a clinical topic to answer a specific research
question
1. A literature search is conducted to identify all studies involving a particular clinical topic
2. Using carefully chosen criteria, all discovered evidence is reviewed and appraised
3. The highest quality evidence is then summarized, and the resulting information is applied to
the clinical question
4. Higher range - clinical evidence is used to make conclusions, and the information is carefully
analyzed for validity and reliability during the process
Critically Appraised Paper (CAP): - ANS are at-a-glance summaries of the findings and methods
of selected individual articles. Readers, including practitioners, researchers, students, and
educators, turn to CAPs for a detailed critical appraisal of an individual research study (AOTA,
2018).
Critically Appraised Topics (CAT) - ANS -"Short summary of evidence on a topic of interest,
usually focused around a clinical question"
-Similar to systematic reviews, but are shorter in length and less vigorous in terms of the review
process.
-A critically appraised topic (or CAT) is a short summary of evidence on a topic of interest,
usually focused around a clinical question. A CAT is like a shorter and less rigorous version of a
systematic review, summarizing the best available research evidence on a topic.
-CATs involve many of the EBP steps:
1. Developing and asking a well-built clinical question (PICO)
2. Acquiring evidence using appropriate sources
3. Examining and carefully appraising evidence
4. Using evidence to support changes in clinical practice, education, or future research
Meta-Analyses - ANS Meta-Analyses - a systematic review of the literature that uses
quantitative methods to summarize the results as if they were one study:
-Process is the same as a systematic review - information is carefully identified and appraised
-Only the highest quality of evidence is used to generate conclusions about the clinical topic
-Highest level - the results are summarized to compensate for differences in the original studies
,Cochrane - ANS -The major product of Cochrane is the Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews which is published quarterly as part of Cochrane Library
-Those who prepare the reviews are mostly healthcare professionals who volunteer to work in
one of the many ,Cochrane Review Groups with editorial teams overseeing the preparation and
maintenance of the reviews, as well as application of the rigorous quality standards for which
Cochrane Reviews have become known.
Narrative or literature review: - ANS Critical research summary on a topic of interest, often to put
a research problem into context. Captures a "snapshot" of the clinical problem or issue.
Outline for systematic review: - ANS -Title: Should reflect a description of the systematic review
-Objectives:
*State the focused clinical question
*Describe what you want to find out
*Report on the question relative to the topic
*The importance of the question relative to the overall topic
-Statement of Problem:
1. What is the problem addressed by the focused question?
2. What significance does addressing this problem have for the following?
*The clinical and community-based practice of OT
*The education and training of OT students
*Refinement, revision, or advancement of knowledge, theory or research
*Program development
*Societal needs
*Health care delivery and health policy
*Coverage of payment for OT services at local, state, and national levels
-Background Literature:
1. Critically synthesize the background information and literature for the problem addressed
2. What is currently known about this problem and what is not yet known?
3. Provide relevant definitions and descriptions of the intervention and approach as needed
4. Discuss how this SR will contribute to our understanding or resolution of the problem
addressed
-Methods for Conducting the SR:
1. Search Strategy
*Inclusion criteria
*Exclusion criteria
*Screening procedures
*Who conducted the search
2. Procedures for article identification/collection
*List databases & other information sources used to identify relevant studies
3. Approach to appraisal of articles to be included in the review
4. Quality control/peer review process
-Results-two parts:
1. Evidence Table -
, *a snapshot description of each study's characteristics and a critical appraisal of study findings
and limitations
*If there are many relevant studies, limit those with the highest level of evidence & most
relevance to OT
2. Narrative synthesis -
*comes next from all studies viewed as a group from an EBP perspective
*Major as
OT Research Agenda: - ANS -Identifies the major research goals and priorities for occupational
therapy research
-The goals and priorities span five categories:
1. Assessment/Measurement
2. Intervention Research
3. Basic Research
4. Translational Research
5. Health Services Research
-A sixth related category, Research 5. Training, addresses capacity building to accomplish the
research goals and priorities.
*AOTF/AOTA
-3 of the 5 research categories—Intervention Research, Translational Research, and Health
Services Research—are of paramount importance for the next decade
-It is imperative that the efficacy and effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions be
ascertained.
-This emphasis on intervention/prevention, translational, and health services research is
consistent with the American Occupational Therapy Association's Centennial Vision of
occupational therapy as:
-"a powerful, widely recognized, science‐driven, and evidence‐based profession."
-Our new Vision 2025 statement is:
-"Occupational therapy maximizes health, well-being, and quality of life for all people,
populations, and communities through effective solutions that facilitate participation in everyday
living."
-Likewise, prevention activities extend the role and function of OT into community activities
aimed to promote occupational engagement and participation of the total population and to
prevent secondary conditions among those already living with disabling conditions.
-Recognizing that the science of OT practice is in its infancy, the priority is broadly defined to
include preliminary work leading to efficacy (research under tightly controlled conditions) or
effectiveness (research under real‐world conditions) trials
-It includes "proof of concept" studies of interventions (including quantitative, qualitative, and
mixed methodologies); pilot, feasibility studies of i
Research Category- Assessment/Measurement: Major Research Goals for the OT Profession -
ANS Major Research Goals for the profession:
1. Develop screening instruments to determine functional ability across the lifespan, with
acceptable sensitivity and specificity.
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