NR 566 WEEK #1 STUDY GUIDE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the major antibiotic drug classes - Answer-Beta-lactams: penicillins
Beta-lactams: Cephalosporins
fluoroquinolones
tetracyclines and macrolides
sulfonamides, trimethoprim, &nitrofurantoin
What is the primary goal of antibiotic therapy - Answer-kill bacteria without harming host
tissue
Bactericidal antibiotics - Answer-directly kill bacteria
bacteriostatic antibiotics - Answer-Antibiotics that do not actually kill bacteria but rather
inhibit bacterial proliferation while the hosts immune system does the killing
which antibiotics are preferred for immunocompromised patients: bactericidal or
bacteriostatic - Answer-bactericidal
which antibiotics are preferred for patients with an overwhelming infection: bactericidal
or bacteriostatic - Answer-bactericidal
broad spectrum antibiotics - Answer-affect a broad range of gram-positive or gram-
negative bacteria
narrow spectrum antibiotics - Answer-Effective against specific bacteria
which is used for empiric therapy: narrow or broad - Answer-broad spectrum
Risks of Broad Spectrum - Answer-disruption of normal floral
increases risk of development of antibiotic resistance
which antibiotics increase the risk of antibiotic resistance: narrow or broad spectrum and
why - Answer-Broad spectrum because they kill more competing organisms than narrow
spectrum drugs
is narrow or broad spectrum antibiotics preferred - Answer-narrow is preferred when
possible.
broad spectrum only used when pathogen is unknown or when multiple types of
bacteria is suspected
Bactericidal drugs - Answer-Aminoglycosides
, Beta-lactams
fluoroquinolones
Metronidazole
Vancomycin
streptogramins
most antimycobacterial agents (rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin, etc)
bacteriostatic drugs - Answer-clindamycin
macrolides
sulfonamides
tetracyclines
When is empiric therapy used? - Answer-when treatment is started without cultures or
when culture results are not back yet
who needs empiric therapy - Answer-critically ill pts after first set of cxs
hospitalized pts until css are available
ambulatory pts based on clinical presentation
Penicillins MOA - Answer-inhibit cell wall synthesis; bactericidal
penicillins primarily excreted how - Answer-in urine
what needs to be monitored when giving penicillins - Answer-renal function
what happens if renal insufficiency occurs while giving penicillins - Answer-prolonged
half-life leading to toxicity
Penicillin distribution - Answer--Well distributed to most body tissues
-Penetration to CSF and eye tissues poor in absence of inflammation
narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive drugs - Answer-penicillin G
penicillin V
narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive susceptible pathogens - Answer-streptococci,
Neisseria, anaerobes
narrow-spectrum penicillinase resistant drugs - Answer-naficillin
oxacillin
dicloxacillin
narrow-spectrum penicillinase resistant susceptible pathogens - Answer-S. Aureus
streptococci
Broad-spectrum penicillins - Answer-Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the major antibiotic drug classes - Answer-Beta-lactams: penicillins
Beta-lactams: Cephalosporins
fluoroquinolones
tetracyclines and macrolides
sulfonamides, trimethoprim, &nitrofurantoin
What is the primary goal of antibiotic therapy - Answer-kill bacteria without harming host
tissue
Bactericidal antibiotics - Answer-directly kill bacteria
bacteriostatic antibiotics - Answer-Antibiotics that do not actually kill bacteria but rather
inhibit bacterial proliferation while the hosts immune system does the killing
which antibiotics are preferred for immunocompromised patients: bactericidal or
bacteriostatic - Answer-bactericidal
which antibiotics are preferred for patients with an overwhelming infection: bactericidal
or bacteriostatic - Answer-bactericidal
broad spectrum antibiotics - Answer-affect a broad range of gram-positive or gram-
negative bacteria
narrow spectrum antibiotics - Answer-Effective against specific bacteria
which is used for empiric therapy: narrow or broad - Answer-broad spectrum
Risks of Broad Spectrum - Answer-disruption of normal floral
increases risk of development of antibiotic resistance
which antibiotics increase the risk of antibiotic resistance: narrow or broad spectrum and
why - Answer-Broad spectrum because they kill more competing organisms than narrow
spectrum drugs
is narrow or broad spectrum antibiotics preferred - Answer-narrow is preferred when
possible.
broad spectrum only used when pathogen is unknown or when multiple types of
bacteria is suspected
Bactericidal drugs - Answer-Aminoglycosides
, Beta-lactams
fluoroquinolones
Metronidazole
Vancomycin
streptogramins
most antimycobacterial agents (rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin, etc)
bacteriostatic drugs - Answer-clindamycin
macrolides
sulfonamides
tetracyclines
When is empiric therapy used? - Answer-when treatment is started without cultures or
when culture results are not back yet
who needs empiric therapy - Answer-critically ill pts after first set of cxs
hospitalized pts until css are available
ambulatory pts based on clinical presentation
Penicillins MOA - Answer-inhibit cell wall synthesis; bactericidal
penicillins primarily excreted how - Answer-in urine
what needs to be monitored when giving penicillins - Answer-renal function
what happens if renal insufficiency occurs while giving penicillins - Answer-prolonged
half-life leading to toxicity
Penicillin distribution - Answer--Well distributed to most body tissues
-Penetration to CSF and eye tissues poor in absence of inflammation
narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive drugs - Answer-penicillin G
penicillin V
narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive susceptible pathogens - Answer-streptococci,
Neisseria, anaerobes
narrow-spectrum penicillinase resistant drugs - Answer-naficillin
oxacillin
dicloxacillin
narrow-spectrum penicillinase resistant susceptible pathogens - Answer-S. Aureus
streptococci
Broad-spectrum penicillins - Answer-Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
