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Chp. 4 Microbiology, A Systems Approach, Questions and Answers
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Chp. 4 Microbiology, A Systems Approach, Questions and AnswersChp. 4 Microbiology, A Systems Approach, Questions and AnswersChp. 4 Microbiology, A Systems Approach, Questions and AnswersChp. 4 Microbiology, A Systems Approach, Questions and AnswersChp. 4 Microbiology, A Systems Approach, ...

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  • August 15, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • chp 4 microbiology a systems approach question

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Chp. 4 Microbiology, A Systems
Approach, Questions and Answers
How do Prokaryotes differ from Eukaryotes

✓ ~~~ No, no true nucleus, no histones
✓ Cell wall-sturdy made of Peptidoglycans
✓ no organelles- few have internal membranes (REL,Gogli, RER?)



general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- External

✓ ~~~ Appendages-
✓ flagella-motiliy
✓ pili-hollow appendage transfers DNA to other cells
✓ fimbriae-hairlike bristles adhesion
✓ Glyccalyx- protective, adhesive,receptor functions (slime layer)



general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- Cell Envelope

✓ ~~~ 1) Outer Membrane-lipopolyssachide
✓ 2) Cell Wall-structural support
✓ 3) Cell Membrane-flow of nutrients



2 main components of cell envelope in most bacteria

✓ ~~~ cell membrane, cell wall
✓ to maintain integrity of the cell



general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- internal

✓ ~~~ Cytoplasm-water solution
Ribosomes-sites of protein synthesis

Inclusions-stores nutrients

Nucleoid/chromosome-condensed DNA

Actin cytoskeleton-shape of cell

,Endospore-dormant body survival in adverse conditions




bacterial diseases

✓ ~~~ these include "strep" throat, lyme disease, and ear infections



prokaryotes

✓ ~~~ the very first cells to appear on earth, sulfur compounds in geothermal ocean vents



fimbriae

✓ ~~~ fine, hairlike bristles extending from the cell surface that help in adhesion to other
cells and surfaces



cell wall

✓ ~~~ a semirigid casing that provides structural support and shape for the cell-made of
peptidoglycan



inclusion/granule

✓ ~~~ stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen deposited in dense crystals or
particles that can be tapped into when needed



cell membrane

✓ ~~~ (cytoplasm) a thin sheet of lipid and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and
selectively controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell pool



outer membrane

✓ ~~~ extra membrane similar to cell membrane but also containing lipopolysaccharide.
controls flow of materials, and portions of it are toxic to mammals when released, causes
fever and shock in host

, endospore

✓ ~~~ dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in adverse
conditions



cytoplasm

✓ ~~~ water-based solution filling the entire cell



flagellum

✓ ~~~ specialized appendage attached to the cell by a basal body that holds a long,
rotating filament. the movement pushes the cell forward and provides motility



actin cytoskeleton

✓ ~~~ long fibers of proteins that encircle the cell just inside the cell membrane and
contribute to the shape of the cell



ribosomes

✓ ~~~ tiny particles composed of protein and RNA that are the sites of protein synthesis



plasmid

✓ ~~~ double-stranded DNA circle containing non essential genes, antibiotic resistance



pilus

✓ ~~~ an elongate, hollow appendage used in transfers of DNA to other cells



bacterial chromosome

✓ ~~~ (nucleoid) composed of condensed DNA molecules. DNA directs all genetics and
heredity of the cell and codes for all proteins

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