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Relias Assessments Assistance Material RN Pharmacology Study Guide Questions and Answers Antacids - ️️ Antacids are used to chemically react with and neutralize the acid in the stomach. They can provide rapid relief from increased acid levels. They are known to cause GI alterations such as ...

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  • August 15, 2024
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©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Saturday, August 3, 2024 7:34 AM



WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY- ( WV) : 26506

Relias Assessments Assistance Material RN Pharmacology
Study Guide Questions and Answers




Antacids - ✔️✔️Antacids are used to chemically react with and neutralize the acid in the

stomach. They can provide rapid relief from increased acid levels. They are known to

cause GI alterations such as diarrhea or constipation and can alter the absorption of

many drugs.


Antacids: Generic and Brand Names - ✔️✔️Here is a list of the most commonly

encountered antacids and their brand names.


ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameAntacidsaluminum saltsAlternaGELcalcium

saltsOystercal, TumsmagaldrateLosopan, Riopanmagnesium saltsMilk of Magnesia,

otherssodium bicarbonateBell-ans


What are antacids? - ✔️✔️Antacids are a group of inorganic chemicals that neutralize

stomach acid.


Antacids are available OTC, and many patients use them to self-treat a variety of GI

symptoms.


The choice of an antacid depends on adverse effects and absorption factors.



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,©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Saturday, August 3, 2024 7:34 AM



WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY- ( WV) : 26506
Antacids Therapeutic actions - ✔️✔️The desired actions of antacids include the following:


Neutralize stomach acid by direct chemical reaction.


Symptomatic relief of an upset stomach associated with hyperacidity, as well as the

hyperacidity associated with peptic ulcer, gastritis, peptic esophagitis, gastric

hyperacidity, and hiatal hernia.


Antacids Contraindications and Cautions - ✔️✔️The following are contraindications and

cautions when using antacids:


Allergy. The antacids are contraindicated in the presence of any known allergy to

antacid products or any component of the drug to prevent hypersensitivity reactions.


Co-morbidities. Caution should be used in the following instances: any condition that

can be exacerbated by electrolyte or acid-based imbalance to prevent exacerbations

and serious adverse effects; any electrolyte imbalance , which could be exacerbated by

the electrolyte-changing effects of these drugs; GI obstruction which could cause

systemic absorption of the drugs and increase adverse effects; renal dysfunction, which

could lead to electrolyte disturbance if any absorbed antacid is neutralized properly.


Pregnancy and lactation. Antacids are contraindicated for pregnant and lactating

women because of the potential for adverse effects on the fetus or neonate.


Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists - ✔️✔️Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists block

the release of acid in response to gastrin or parasympathetic release.




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, ©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Saturday, August 3, 2024 7:34 AM



WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY- ( WV) : 26506
Histamine-2 Antagonist: Generic and Brand Names - ✔️✔️Here is a table of the most

commonly used H2 antagonists.


ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameHistamine-2

antagonistscimetidineTagametranitidineZantacfamotidinePepcidnizatidineAxid


H2 blockers Therapeutic actions - ✔️✔️The desired actions of H2 antagonists include the

following:


Selectively block H2 receptors located on the parietal cells.


Prevents the release of gastrin, a hormone that causes local release of histamine (due

to stimulation of histamine receptors), ultimately blocking the production of hydrochloric

acid.


Decreases pepsin production by the chief cells.


Proton Pump Inhibitors - ✔️✔️The gastric acid pump or proton pump inhibitors suppress

gastric acid secretion by specifically inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium adenosine

triphosphate enzyme system on the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells.


Proton Pump Inhibitors: Generic and Brand Names - ✔️✔️Here is a table of the most

commonly encountered proton pump inhibitor:


ClassificationGeneric nameBrand nameProton pump

inhibitorsdexlansoprazoleKapidexesomeprazoleNexiumlansoprazolePrevacidomeprazol

ePrilosecpantoprazoleProtonixrabeprazoleAciphex



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