Exam (elaborations)
PSY1101 QUIZ 2 TEST
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PSY1101 QUIZ 2 TEST...
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PSY1101 QUIZ 2 TESTsensation - ANSWER features of the environment that we use to understand the
world (raw material perception of world)
perception - ANSWER message combined with previous experiences
bottom-up processing - ANSWER neural processing that starts with physical
message or sensations (early level analysis that prepares the info)
top-down processing - ANSWER combine incoming neural message with
understanding of world to interpret info so that it has value (perceptions created)
principles of gestalt - ANSWER fundamental ways we see the world
figure-ground - ANSWER certain info is given priority over background
principle of proximity - ANSWER objects close to one another will be grouped
together
principles of similarity - ANSWER objects that are physically similar to one
another will be grouped together
principle of closure - ANSWER people perceive whole objects even when part of
info is missing
principle of good continuation - ANSWER if lines cross each other/are interrupted,
people tend to see continuously flowing lines
principle of common fate - ANSWER objects moving together will be grouped
together
parts of eye - ANSWER cornea, anterior aqueous humor chamber, iris, lens,
suspensory, vitreous chamber vitreous humor, retina, choroid, sclera, optic nerve
passage of light - ANSWER transfers from electromagnetic energy to neural
messages
cornea, pupil, iris, lens, retina, photoreceptors
,accommodation - ANSWER muscles attached to lens stretch/elongate
rods and cones - ANSWER -cones: transmit info about fine detail (colour, visual
activity) (fovea)
-rods: sensitive at lower levels of light (retina)
dark adaptations - ANSWER -cones rapidly respond to change
-rods increase sensitivity
parts of retina - ANSWER light, large ganglion cell, small ganglion cell, midget
bipolar cell, diffuse bipolar cell, photoreceptors (rods and cone)
retina: diffuse bipolar cells - ANSWER receive messages from ~50 rods, add
together experience of photoreceptors and send 1 message to ganglion cell
-less info about large point
-before reaching photoreceptors
retina: midget bipolar cells - ANSWER receive input from 1 cone and may be sent
to one ganglion cell
-more info about small point
retina: ganglion cell - ANSWER -only responds to activity when light falls on
specific part of eye and specific cells are active
-light falls on centre: cells respond more rapidly
-surround part: cell lowers firing rates
-allows cell to send variety of info
retina: blind spot - ANSWER no photoreceptors
visual cortex processing - ANSWER optic nerve, crossed fibers, optic radiation,
occipital cortex, optic tract, optic chasm
visual cortex: 1. lateral geniculate nucleus - ANSWER (CGN to thalamus)
-brain's first interaction with vision
, -info is combined and organized
visual cortex: 2. visual striate cortex - ANSWER (occipital lobe)
-important features are assembled and identified
visual striate cortex: retinotopic organization - ANSWER spatial organization of
retinal image is maintained throughout visual pathway
visual striate cortex: feature detectors - ANSWER specialized cells that respond
most actively to special stimuli
visual cortex: simple cells - ANSWER cell responds to small stationary base of
light orientated at specific angles
visual cortex: complex cells - ANSWER respond most vigorously to vertical lines
in motion
visual cortex: second class - ANSWER responds to lines of particular orientation in
specific directions
visual cortex: 3a. ventral stream - ANSWER to temporal lobe
-visual info is identified
"what"
visual cortex: 3b. dorsal stream - ANSWER to parietal lobe
-orientation of object
"where"
visual cortex: 3c. limbic system - ANSWER feelings associated with it
colour - ANSWER perceptions of wavelength
-brain uses colour for info
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