USABO-Review Questions and Answers 100% CorrectUSABO-Review Questions and Answers 100% CorrectUSABO-Review Questions and Answers 100% CorrectUSABO-Review Questions and Answers 100% Correct
insterstitial fluid - ANSWER - fluid located between cells and among tissues
cuboidal epithelium - ANSWER ...
USABO-Review Questions and Answers
100% Correct
insterstitial fluid - ANSWER - fluid located between cells and among tissues
cuboidal epithelium - ANSWER - cube shaped epithelial cells that function in secretion, and are
located in various endocrine glands
simple columnar epithelium - ANSWER - lines intestines, secretes digestive juices and absorbs
nutrients, one cell thick
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium - ANSWER - forms a mucous membrane in
portions of the respiratory tract; contains cilia that move the film of mucous
stratified squamous epithelium - ANSWER - regenerates cells rapidly at the basal lamina,
located in areas of abrasion (anus, vagina, skin, linings of esophagus)
simple squamous epithelium - ANSWER - thin and leaky, located at sites of diffusion (alveoli and
blood vessels)
basal lamina - ANSWER - a mat of extracellular matrix that separates an organ from epithelial
tissue
lumen - ANSWER - cavity, external area around organ
loose connective tissue - ANSWER - connects organs/tissues to epithelium
cartilage - ANSWER - connective tissue that is sturdy, but softer and more flexible than bone
chondroitin sulfate - ANSWER - a rubbery matrix made of a protein-carbohydrate complex
located in cartilage
,elastic fibers - ANSWER - made of elastin, easily stretched but bounce back to original shape
sarcomeres - ANSWER - repeating units in muscles
glial cells or glia - ANSWER - located in nervous tissue; nourish, insulate, and replenish neurons
regulator - ANSWER - manages internal conditions to combat changes caused by external
conditions
chondrocytes - ANSWER - cells in cartilage that secrete collagen chondroitin sulfate
fibrous connective tissue - ANSWER - includes tendons and ligaments, made of fibers in parallel
bundles, which maximize non-elastic strength
adipose tissue - ANSWER - tissue that protects, insulates, and cushions the body, holds fat in
adipose cells which contain fat droplets that can grow and shrink
bone - ANSWER - mineralized connective tissue; contain a matrix of bone with which calcium,
magnesium, and phosphate ions combine to form a mineral
osteoblasts - ANSWER - secretes matrix of collagen in bone
osteons - ANSWER - repeating units inside bone, contain concentric layers of mineralized
collagen wrapped around blood vessels and nerves
fibroblasts - ANSWER - cells of connective tissue that secrete the protein ingredients
macrophages - ANSWER - engulf foreign particles and debris through phagocytosis
collagenous fibers - ANSWER - made of collagen, nonelastic and do not tear easily
,reticular fibers - ANSWER - made of collagen, joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues,
continuous with collagenous fibers
conformer - ANSWER - allows internal conditions to conform to external conditions
normal range (of a variable - homeostasis) - ANSWER - range for which action is taken to
maintain homeostasis
acclimatization - ANSWER - when an animal changes certain aspects of its metabolism,
behavior, etc. to temporarily conform to changing external conditions
endothermic (animal) - ANSWER - maintain the temperature inside the body through their
internal metabolism
ectothermic (animal) - ANSWER - gain their heat from external sources, do not perform internal
mechanisms to maintain temperature
poikilotherm - ANSWER - animal whose body temperature varies with its environment
homeotherm - ANSWER - animal whose body temperature does not vary with its environment
radiation - ANSWER - emission of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves
evaporation - ANSWER - removal of heat along with liquid being turned into gas
convection - ANSWER - transfer of hear by the movement of air or liquid past a surface
conduction - ANSWER - the direct transfer of heat between objects in direct contact
vasodilation - ANSWER - increasing the diameter of blood vessels as to bring it closer to the
surface of the body and warm it
, vasoconstriction - ANSWER - decreasing the diameter of blood vessels as to take it farther
away from the surface of the body and cool it
countercurrent exchange - ANSWER - the flow of adjacent fluids in opposing directions that
maximizes transfer rates of heat or solutes
thermogenesis - ANSWER - heat production
non-shivering thermogenesis - ANSWER - heat production without moving
brown fat - ANSWER - tissue specialized for heat production
hypothalamus - ANSWER - part of the brain that acts like a thermostat for the body, controlling
the internal mechanisms that control internal temperature
bio-energetics - ANSWER - the overall flow and transformation of energy in an animal
metabolic rate - ANSWER - the sum of all the energy-requiring biochemical reactions over a
given time interval
basal metabolic rate (BMR) - ANSWER - in an endotherm, the minimum metabolic rate at rest
with an empty stomach without any stress
standard metabolic rate (SMR) - ANSWER - in an ectotherm, the minimum metabolic rate when
resting, nonstressed, and fasting
torpor - ANSWER - a physiological state in which activity is low and metabolism decreases
hibernation - ANSWER - long term torpor that is an adaptation to winter cold and food scarcity
essential nutrients - ANSWER - nutrients that are essential for an organism to ingest because
they cannot produce it themselves
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