Chapter 4 BONTRAGER
The bones of the upper limb can be divided into four main groups:
what are they?
(1) hand and wrist
(2) forearm
(3) arm (humerus)
(4) shoulder girdle
The shape and structure of each of the bones and articulations,
or joints, of the upper limb must be thoroughly u...
Chapter 4 BONTRAGER
The bones of the upper limb can be divided into four main groups:
what are they?
(1) hand and wrist
(2) forearm
(3) arm (humerus)
(4) shoulder girdle
The shape and structure of each of the bones and articulations,
or joints, of the upper limb must be thoroughly understood by technologists so....
so that each part can be identified and demonstrated on radiographs.
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How many bones are there in each hand and wrist?
27
The 27 bones in each hand and wrist are divided into the following 3 groups:
Phalanges (fingers and thumb) 14
Metacarpals (palm) 5
Carpals (wrist) 8
Total 27
,The most distal bones of the hand are the ____________, which constitute the digits (fingers and
thumb).
phalanges
The second group of bones of the hand is the _____________; these bones make up the palm of each
hand
metacarpals
The third group of bones of the hand are, the _____________, consists of the bones of the wrist.
carpals
Each finger and thumb is called
digit
Each digit consists of two or three separate small bones called
,phalanges (singular, phalanx)
The digits are numbered, starting with the ___________ as number 1 and ending with the
___________finger as 5.
thumb, little
Each of the four fingers (digits 2, 3, 4, and 5) is composed of
three phalanges
proximal
middle
distal
The thumb, or first digit, has two phalanges, what are they?
proximal and distal
Each phalanx (singular) consists of three parts:
(similar to that of the metacarpals)
a distal rounded head,
body (shaft),
and an expanded base,
, The second group of bones of the hand, which make up the palm, consists of the 5....
metacarpals
numbered the same way as the digits starting with the thumb, or anatomic lateral side.
and
head, body, base
Metacarpal (Palm)
The rounded portion is the head. The body (shaft) is the long curved portion; the anterior part is
_________ in shape, and the posterior, or dorsal, portion iS _________. The base is the expanded
proximal end, which articulates with associated carpals.
concave, convex
The joints, or articulations, between the individual bones of the
upper limb are important in radiology; accurate identification of all joints of the phalanges and
metacarpals of the hand is required, because...
because small chip fractures may occur near the joint spaces
The thumb has only two phalanges, so the joint between them is called the
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