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PATHOLOGY TEST BANK 2420 Midterm Exam Questions with Complete Solutions
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Congenital (define) - Answer-present at birth Chromosomal Abnormalities (define) - Answer-A change in the number of chromosomes or in their normal structure. What is "normal" genetic makeup - Answer-22 pairs and 2 sex chromosomes 46 XX (f) 46 XY (m) Disease (define) - Answer-a change in ...

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  • August 15, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • pathology test bank 2420 midterm exam questions wi
  • congenital define answer present at birth

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PATHOLOGY TEST BANK 2420 Midterm
Exam Questions with Complete
Solutions
Congenital (define) - Answer-present at birth

Chromosomal Abnormalities (define) - Answer-A change in the number of
chromosomes or in their normal structure.

What is "normal" genetic makeup - Answer-22 pairs and 2 sex chromosomes
46 XX (f)
46 XY (m)

Disease (define) - Answer-a change in the normal body structure/function that leads to
abnormal function

(eg. resulting from a direct insult such as a trauma or infection, or an indirect insult such
as a disturbance in metabolism)

Etiology (define) - Answer-The study of the cause(s) of disease

Genetic - Answer-A heritable disorder

Iatrogenic (define) - Answer-Disease caused as the result of a medical treatment

Idiopathic (define) - Answer-Disease of unknown origin; cause of disease is not known

Incidence (define) - Answer-the number of new cases of disease or illness in a given
population at a given time

Morbidity (define) - Answer-The impairment of health by the illness

Mortality (Define) - Answer-Causing the death of patient

Mortality Rate (define) - Answer-The number of individuals who die drom a given
disease

Pathogenesis (define) - Answer-The stages through which a disease progresses

The production and development or mechanism of disease

The sequence of cellular events that take place

,Pathology (Define) - Answer-The study of disease (including causes, typical
characteristics and effects)

Prevalence (define) - Answer-The total number of cases of a given disease or illness in
a population for a given time period or at a given point in time.

Prognosis (define) - Answer-The most likely course and outcome of disease

Sign (Define) - Answer-an objective measure found upon clinical or physical
examination

Symptom (Define) - Answer-a subjective complaint from patient that is not measureable

Teratogen (Define) - Answer-a chemical, biological or physical agent that causes
physical defects in the embryo

How is pathology applicable to nursing? Provide examples. - Answer-- need to
understand tests/specimens and how they are analyzed

- o=nurses often responsible for sample/tissue/specimen collection and submission to
pathology

- communicate with interprofessional team and patients

- nurse role in laboratory stewardship (when ordering and sending tests/specimens)

- understanding disease process to help educate patients

What are the 2 categories of pathology and laboratory medicine? What branches fall
under each category? - Answer-Clinical pathology
(microbiology, blood bank & hematology, immunology, clinical chemistry)

Anatomical pathology
(surgical pathology, cytopathology, forensic pathology, molecular pathology)

Clinical pathology - what is microbiology? - Answer-Microbiology is a branch of clinical
pathology that looks at microorganisms. viruses and bacteria

Clinical pathology - what is blood bank & hematology? - Answer-Blood bank and
hematology is a branch of clinical pathology that is responsible for the blood products
distributed in the hospital

Clinical pathology - what is immunology? - Answer-Immunology is a branch of clinical
pathology concerned with immune system and function

,Clinical pathology - what is clinical chemistry? - Answer-Clinical chemistry is a branch of
clinical pathology that deals with clinical and biochemical tests

Anatomical pathology - what is surgical pathology? - Answer-Surgical pathology is a
branch of anatomical pathology that looks at large tissue samples and their architecture
under a microscope

Anatomical pathology - what is cytopathology? - Answer-Cytopathology is a branch of
anatomical pathology that looks at individual cells in the absence of architecture.

Anatomical pathology - what is forensic pathology? - Answer-Forensic pathology is a
branch of anatomical pathology that specializes in forensics, autopsies and criminal
cases

Anatomical pathology - what is molecular pathology? - Answer-Molecular pathology is a
branch of anatomical pathology and an adjunct for surgical and cytopathology.

how are blood specimens collected? - Answer-Blood Specimen Collection:
Drawn by needle
Finger prick

What possible tests can be performed on a blood samples? - Answer-Clinical Chemistry
- Blood Specimen Tests:
Cell counts
Electrolytes
Proteins
Genetic tests

How are urine specimens collected? - Answer-Urine Collection:
Random
Clean catch
Sterile urine test

What possible tests can be performed on a urine sample? - Answer-Clinical Chemistry -
Urine Sample Tests:
Blood
Leukocytes
Protein
Drugs
Organisms

How are sputum specimens collected? - Answer-SPutum collection:
Coughed into container

What possible tests can be performed on a sputum sample? - Answer-Clinical
Chemistry - Sputum Sample Tests:

, Culture
Cytopathological examination

How are stool samples collected? - Answer-Stool Collection:
Plastic container

What possible tests can be performed on stool sample? - Answer-Clinical Chemistry -
Stool Sample Tests:
Blood
Ova
Parasites

What other body fluids can be collected for clinical chemistry examination? - Answer-
Spinal fluid
Pleural fluid
Peritoneal fluid
Joint aspirate
Bone marrow

What are the different types of cytopathology samples? - Answer-Exfoliative -
Spontaneous (i.e. spontaneously produced by the patient).

Exfoliative - Mechanical (i.e. intervention required to obtain cells).

Interventional

What category of cytopathology sample includes pleural or peritoneal fluid? - Answer-
Spontaneous exfoliative (spontaneously produced by patient).

What category of cytopathology sample includes sputum? - Answer-Spontaneous
exfoliative (spontaneously produced by patient).

What category of cytopathology sample includes urine? - Answer-Spontaneous
exfoliative (spontaneously produced by patient).

What category of cytopathology sample includes cervical papsmear? - Answer-
Mechanical exfoliative (intervention required to obtain cells)

What category of cytopathology sample includes bronchial brushings? - Answer-
Mechanical exfoliative (intervention required to obtain cells)

What category of cytopathology sample includes fine needle aspiration (such as of a
lymph node or thyroid)? - Answer-Interventional

What types of samples are collected in surgical pathology? - Answer-Biopsies and
surgical resections

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