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PATHOLOGY TEST BANK EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ERIFIED ANSWERS
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Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption? - Answer-Cells can take in and use nutrients Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the: - Answer-Nucleolus Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by usin...

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  • August 15, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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PATHOLOGY TEST BANK EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH ERIFIED ANSWERS
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption? - Answer-
Cells can take in and use nutrients

Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the: -
Answer-Nucleolus

Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction? - Answer-
Peroxisomes

Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury? - Answer-Lysosomes

What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell? - Answer-The
enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized? - Answer-S

What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? -
Answer-Proteins

Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
which human diseases? - Answer-Autoimmune and malignant disorders

Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane? - Answer-Lipid bilayer

The fluid mosaic model explains: - Answer-how a cell membrane functions

Which form of cell communication is used to communicate within the cell itself and with
other cells in direct physical contact? - Answer-Protein channel (gap junction)

Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport communication to cells some
distance away? - Answer-Hormonal

Which mode of chemical signaling uses local chemical mediators that are quickly taken
up, destroyed, or immobilized? - Answer-Paracrine

,Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to: - Answer-Receptors

How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid surrounding them? -
Answer-Chemical messengers such as ligands

When a second message is necessary for extracellular communication to be activated,
it is provided by which one? - Answer-Adenosine monophsophate

Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell? - Answer-
Glycolysis

What is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, proteins,
and lipids is transferred to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? - Answer-Oxidative
phosphorylation

Passive transport is best described with which statement? - Answer-Being driven by
osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion

Active transport occurs across which type of membranes? - Answer-Membranes that
have receptors that are capable of binding with the substances to
be transported

Which method of transport uses transmembrane proteins with receptors with a high
degree of specificity for the substance being transported? - Answer-Mediated

The movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial
fluid surrounding the capillary is an example of which fluid movement process? -
Answer-Hydrostatic pressure

Why is osmolality preferred over osmolarity as the measurement of osmotic activity in
the clinical assessment of individuals? - Answer-More of the weight of plasma is
influenced by solutes, such as protein and glucose, rather than by water.

A patient who has diarrhea receives a 3% saline solution intravenously to replace the
sodium and choridol. what effect will this fluid replacement have on the cells? - Answer-
Shrink
water is pulled out of the cells in hypertonic solution

The transport of glucose from the blood to the cell is accomplished by which process? -
Answer-Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)

Potassium and sodium are transported across plasma membranes by: - Answer-
Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) enzyme

,What occurs during exocytosis? - Answer-Macromolecules can be secreted across
eukaryotic cell membranes.

Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells? - Answer-The
resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium.

The cellular uptake of the nutrient cholesterol depends on which process? - Answer-
Receptor-mediated endocytosis

What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential to initiate an action
potential? - Answer-Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.

The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells?
- Answer-Connective tissue cells

The role of cytokines in cell reproduction is that they: - Answer-Provide growth factor for
tissue growth and development.

What is the process of cellular reproduction? - Answer-Two diploid cells, called
daughter cells, have been formed.

Which statement is true about eukaryotic cells? - Answer-They contain compartments
called organelles.

Which statement is true about phagocytosis? - Answer-Phagocytosis involves the
ingestion of bacteria.

A muscle cell possesses which specialized function? - Answer-Movement

When a mucous gland cell creates a new substance from previously absorbed material,
this process is known as which specialized cellular function? - Answer-Secretion

All cells are capable of what process? - Answer-Excretion

What are the major chemical components of the cell membranes? (Select all that
apply.)
lipids, sodium ions, carbohydrates, DNA, proteins - Answer-Lipids and proteins

Which cells lose their ability to replicate and divide? (Select all that apply.)
Intestines
Nerves
Skin
Lens of the eye
Skeletal muscle - Answer-Nerves
Lens of the eye

, Skeletal muscle

Which statements are true concerning the process of facilitated diffusion? (Select all
that apply).
A- Facilitated diffusion is also referred to as passive mediated transport.
B- This process expends no metabolic energy.
C- Moving solute molecules through cellular membranes are involved in this process.
D-Movement up a concentration gradient is necessary.
E-Facilitated diffusion is the primary means for water transport. - Answer-A B C

Passive transport is dependent on: (Select all that apply.)
A- Semipermeable barrier membrane
B- The process of osmosis
C- Diffusion as a driving force
D- A living host
E- Hydrostatic pressure - Answer-A, B, C, E

What is the primary function of proteins? (Select all that apply.)
A- Proteins are binding units.
B- Proteins are transport channels.
C- Proteins are ribonucleoproteins.
D- Proteins provide cell surface markers.
E- Proteins are chemical reaction catalysts. - Answer-A, B, D, E

Endoplasmic reticulum - Answer-membrane factory that specializes in the synthesis and
transport of the protein and lipid components of most of cells organelles

Secretory vesicle - Answer-fuses with the plasma membrane to release contents from
the cell

Lysosomes - Answer-function as the intracellular digestive system. capable of digesting
most cellular constituents down to their basic forms, such as amino acids, fatty acids,
and sugars.

Passive mediated transport - Answer-facilitated diffusion.
protein transporter moves solute molecules through cellular membranes without
expending metabolic energy.

Osmosis - Answer-Movement of water.

Active mediated transport - Answer-protein transporter moves molecules up, or against
concentration gradient.

Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of
the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells? -
Answer-Metaplasia

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