Intrarenal AKI - Answer **direct damage to the kidneys** by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or
reduced blood supply, pyelonephritis, glomurlonephritis
Postrenal AKI - Answer **sudden obstruction of urine flow** due to enlarged prostate, kidney stones,
bladder tumor, or injury, stenosis
,NI:
- lithotripsy (stones)
- hyrdonephrosis ( percut drain)
- BPH (foley)
Azotemia - Answer (excessive) urea and nitrogenous substances in the blood
SxS of early AKI - Answer - decreased urine output
- decreased systolic BP
- decreased pulse pressure
- ortho hypotension
- increased thirst
Labs:
- increased blood osmolarity
- increased BUN/ Creatnine
- Increased Hgb/ Hct
NI:
- FLUIDS
Lab Values - Answer Hgb: 12-18
Hct: 37-52
BUN: 10-20
Creatinine: 0.5-1.2
GFR: >60
Potassium: 3.5-5
Sodium: 135-145
, Calcium: 9-10.5
Mag: 1.5-2.5
PT: 11-12.5
INR: <1.2
PTT: 20-30
Anemia in kidney disease - Answer when kidneys are damaged they do not make enough EPO (this
prompts the bone marrow to make RBCs, which than carry oxygen throughout the body), as a result the
bone marrow makes fewer RBCs, causing anemia
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