N405 Midterm Exam 2 Questions With
Verified Solutions.
what is epidemiology? - Answer the study of the distribution and determinants of disease in human
populations
what are the two types of epidemiology? - Answer descriptive and analytic
what is descriptive epidemiology? - Answer examines distribution of disease based on person, place,
and time to identify subgroups with the highest risk of the disease/outcome
what kind of epidemiology is used to create potential hypotheses by identifying relationships between
exposure and outcome? - Answer descriptive
what is analytic epidemiology? - Answer testing a hypothesis regarding the distribution of disease and
analyzing it
you are reading a study that identifies the incidence of kawasaki disease based on gender and age, as
well as certain relationships/contributing factors, such as peaks during january and summer months.
what kind of study is this? - Answer descriptive epidemiological study (identifies subgroups and
potential causes in order to generate a hypothesis)
you are reading a study that describes patterns and risk factors for RSV. the study's sample included
patients hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection and followed these patients from 2000-2013.
the study concluded that there was a seasonal pattern associated with infants under the age of 3 with
bronchiolitis and hypoxemia upon admission. what kind of study is this? - Answer descriptive,
prospective cohort study (follows a group selected based on exposure and follows them into the future
to determine etiology)
what is the goal of infectious disease/outbreak investigations? - Answer to control and eradicate
infectious disease
,what are the three parts of the epidemiological triangle? - Answer host, agent, and environment
what part of the epidemiological triangle would the infected human be? - Answer host
what part of the epidemiological triangle includes bacteria, viruses, chemicals, physical conditions, and
nutrition? - Answer agent
what part of the epidemiological triangle includes temp, humidity, altitude, crowding, housing,
neighborhood, water, milk, food, radiation, pollution, and noise? - Answer environment
in order to reach the goal of controlling/eradicating infectious diseases, we must know what three
things? - Answer the host, agent, and environment (epidemiological triad)
what are four examples of epidemiologic measures? - Answer count data, ratio, proportion, and rate
what is count data? - Answer simplest; raw number of phenomenon; not very helpful because can't
base assumption off of one number
a study identifies the number of births in a given year. this is an example of what epidemiologic
measure? - Answer count data
why is count data not a helpful epidemiologic measure? - Answer cannot base assumption off of one
number, especially in different population sizes
a study identifies the number of male cases of pneumonia as compared with the number of female
cases. this is an example of what epidemiologic measure? - Answer ratio
what is a proportion? - Answer type of ratio in which the numerator is included in the denominator
a study indicates that 10 per 1,000 children are diagnosed with asthma. this is an example of what
epidemiologic measure? - Answer proportion
,what is rate? - Answer a measure of incidence in a specific population over a specific time
a study indicates that in 2016, SUID occurred in 0.38 per 1,000 live births. this is an example of what
epidemiologic measure? - Answer rate
you are reading a study focusing on the incidence of kawasaki disease. the results state that there were
12,774 cases in 2011 and 13,917 in 2012. 15,442 of these cases were male, while the other 11,249 were
female. identify the count data, rate, and ratio of this study. - Answer count data: 13,917 and 15,442
rate: 13,917 and 15,442
ratio: 15,442 males to 11,249 females
what are two measures used to show the extent to which a disease is present in a population? - Answer
incidence and prevalence
what is prevalence? - Answer number of existing cases, indicating the extent of a health problem
what is prevalence used for? - Answer to plan the healthcare needs for the community
does incidence or prevalence measure the extent of a health problem? - Answer prevalence
how is prevalence expressed? (4) - Answer number, percentage, proportion, or rate
does incidence or prevalence measure disease occurrence? - Answer incidence
what are two types of prevalence? - Answer point and period
a study indicates that there were 243.1 new cases of a disease per 100,000 population in 2011. what is
this an example of? - Answer incidence
what is point prevalence? - Answer number of existing cases of a disease in a population at a particular
point in time
, what does descriptive epidemiology identify? - Answer population subgroups that may have highest
risk for specific disease or outcome by finding potential causes of a disease
what is period prevalence? - Answer number of existing cases of diseases in a population in a specified
time period
what kind of epidemiology is used to generate hypotheses? - Answer descriptive
a study indicates that there are currently 10 cases of a particular disease for every 100 people in a
population, for a total of 10% of the population. what is this an example of? - Answer point prevalence
descriptive epidemiology measures disease frequency using what three elements? - Answer person,
place, and time
a study indicates that there were 750 cases of a particular disease for every 6,000 people in a population
from 2011-2012, for a total of 12.5% of the population. what is this an example of? - Answer period
prevalence
a study shows how geographical location and age groups are correlated with cancer mortality rates. this
is an example of what kind of epidemiological study? - Answer descriptive
a study shows how the incidence of a particular disease increases over time. this is an example of what
kind of epidemiological study? - Answer descriptive
what is incidence? - Answer number of new cases measuring disease occurrence
what are three ways descriptive epidemiological studies can classify patterns by time? - Answer secular,
cyclical, and short-term
what are secular trends? - Answer over a long period of time, change occurs
