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Principles of Biochemistry Exam 1 material -Questions and Answers
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Principles of Biochemistry Exam 1 material -Questions and Answers
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Principles of Biochemistry Exam 1material
Name the types of bonds and describe how they are formed and what characteristics of the atoms
involved determines the type. - Answer -1. Non-polar covalent bond = non-metals
- electrons are shared equally
- electronegativity difference is between 0 and 0.4
2. Polar covalent bond = non-metals
- electrons are unequally shared
- electronegativity difference is between 0.4 and 2.0
3. Ionic bonds = include metals and non-metals
- electrons are transferred
- electronegativity difference is > 2.0
-Bonds are found between atoms
-Bond type is determined by differences in electronegativity of atoms
Types of Intermolecular forces - Answer -1. electrostatic = between permanent, full or partial +/- charge,
includes H-bonds
a. ion-ion = between charged atom/molecules
b. dipole-dipole = between strongly electroneg., polar, covalently bound atoms, H-bonds!!
,c. ion-dipole = between a dipole molecule and full/partial charged atom/molecule
2. dispersion forces (van der Waal) = between temporary + and - charges, induces a temporary dipole on
1 molecule
3. Hydrophobic effects = occur between non-polar molecules, reduces loss of H-bonds by reducing
repulsion of non-polar molecules to H2O b/c the molecules will group together
List the strength of IMF interactions/forces from strongest to weakest: - Answer -covalent bonds > ionic
interactions > H-bonds (electrostatic; dipole-dipole) > Van der Waals (dispersion)
T/F: Atoms are bound together by bonds (covalent; polar & non-polar, and ionic). Atoms form molecules
and ions. There are ionic and imf interactions (dispersion, electrostatic, hydrophobic interactions)
between molecules (polar and non-polar) and ions. Molecules and ions group to form cells. - Answer -
True
T/F: other than water, biological macromolecules make up most of the cell - Answer -True
what are the 4 types of macromolecules - Answer -1. carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. nucleic acids
4. proteins
True/False: carbs, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins all contain polymers - Answer -True
polymers - Answer -chains of repeated smaller molecules (made up of individual monomers)
Name the polymer that is associated with each monomer:
1. monosaccharides
2. fatty acid
3. nucleotide
, 4. amino acid - Answer -Monomer--------------------> Polymer
1. monosaccharides -----> polysaccharide
2. fatty acid -----> lipid
3. nucleotide -----> nucleic acid
4. amino acid -----> protein
Why is there large variety in macromolecules? - Answer -There are 20 aas that can combine to make
many different types
What does it mean that monomer types are conserved? - Answer -monomers are maintained in
different types of cells (prok and euk) and (in different specialized cells)
how do monomers link to form polymers? - Answer -dehydration reaction
how do polymers break down? - Answer -hydrolysis (most of the time this is aided by enzymes)
T/F: carbohydrates are hydrophilic molecules - Answer -true
what is the general formula of a carbohydrate? - Answer -~(CH2O)n
* There are 2Xs as many H as their are C and O
how do you name carbohydrates? - Answer -root= sacchar- (polysaccharide)
suffix = -ose (glucose)
both mean sugar or sweet
what are monosaccharides? - Answer -simplest carbohydrate
formula = C6H12O6
Forms isomers!
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