*Q: What is Cushing's Syndrome/Disease?**
**A:** Cushing's Syndrome/Disease is characterized by cortisol excess, typically caused by a pituitary
adenoma in 60-70% of cases. Common features include central obesity with extremity wasting,
dorsocervical fat pad, rounded facies, spontaneous bruis...
AACN AGACNP boards QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025 All the
questions you need to pass
---
**Q: What is Cushing's Syndrome/Disease?**
**A:** Cushing's Syndrome/Disease is characterized by cortisol excess, typically caused by a pituitary
adenoma in 60-70% of cases. Common features include central obesity with extremity wasting,
dorsocervical fat pad, rounded facies, spontaneous bruising, purple striae, hyperpigmentation, poor
wound healing, and skin infections. The Dexamethasone suppression test is used for diagnosis, where
1mg dexamethasone is administered at 2300 hours and serum cortisol is measured at 0800. Treatment
involves removing sources of excess cortisol and managing the consequences such as hypertension
(HTN), hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia.
**Q: What is Addison's Disease?**
**A:** Addison's Disease is a condition where there is a decrease in cortisol production. It can be
primary, caused by damage to the adrenal cortex due to autoimmune conditions, tuberculosis (TB),
metastatic disease, deposition diseases, or drug-induced damage. It can also be secondary, caused by
pituitary failure to release ACTH, which is often seen in hypopituitary disorders, or by the sudden
withdrawal of systemic corticosteroids.
**Q: What is Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?**
**A:** Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is a condition characterized by insufficient ADH or decreased sensitivity to
ADH, leading to the nephron's inability to conserve water. It is commonly caused by damage to the
pituitary gland or hypothalamus due to surgery, tumors, meningitis, or head injury. It can also be
nephrogenic, where the kidneys are unable to respond to ADH. Diagnosis includes serum hypernatremia
and hyperosmolarity and urine hyponatremia and hypoosmolality. Treatment involves replacing ADH and
providing supportive fluid replacement.
**Q: What is Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)?**
**A:** SIADH involves excess ADH production, leading to excessive water conservation by the nephron.
It can be caused by head injury or lung cancers. Diagnosis includes serum hyponatremia and
hypoosmolality and urine hypernatremia and hyperosmolarity. Treatment includes free water restriction,
loop diuretics with normal saline, and, in extreme cases, 3% saline.
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