Preferred antihypertensive with chronic kidney disease
✓ ~~~ ACE/ARB
Use and side effect of acetazolamide
✓ ~~~ Treatment of open angle glaucoma and acute mountain sickness. Side effect -
can cause metabolic acidosis.
,use and side effect of eplerenone
✓ ~~~ Aldosterone agonist. For treatment of moderate to severe HF with reduced EF.
Can cause hyperkalemia. Monitor renal function.
use and side effect of spironolactone
✓ ~~~ Add to ACE and loop in treatment of severe CHF. Side effect - hypokalemia
(dose dependent)
use and side effect of triamterene
✓ ~~~ Weak diuretic. Also interferes with bicarbonate reabsorption and causes bicarb
loss in urine. Used in treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis. Excessive loss can
cause metabolic acidosis.
Therapeutic use of mannitol
✓ ~~~ Osmotic diuretic. Reduce intracranial pressure or intraocular pressure in
glaucoma
therapeutic use of acetazolamide
✓ ~~~ treatment of open angle glaucoma and acute mountain sickness
MOA of eplerenone
✓ ~~~ Competitively inhibit aldosterone receptor. Useful in tx of cirrhosis, ascites and
advance HF
Diuretic to use in chronic calcium stones
✓ ~~~ Thiazide
,Most effective diuretic for HTN, CHF and renal failure
✓ ~~~ loop diuretics
Which diuretic is a mineralcorticoid agonist
✓ ~~~ spironolactone
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to treat altitude sickness
✓ ~~~ acetazolamide
Fendoldopam MOA and use
✓ ~~~ Rapid acting arteriolar vasodilator. Dopamine 1 receptor agonist. Used for
treatment of malignant hypertension.
Adverse effect of hydralazine
✓ ~~~ lupus like syndrome. Palps, n/v/d, HA, constipation (common). Tachy,
paresthesias, paralytic ileus, blood dyscrasia, abn LFT, myalgia (serious).
BB with alpha blocking an non-selective BB action
✓ ~~~ labetolol and carvedilol
MOA of alpha methyldopa
✓ ~~~ stimulate central inhibitory alpha adrenergic receptors. Inhibit sympathetic
cardioaccelerator and vasoconstrictor centers. Results in reduced sympathetic
outflow from CNS causing decreased peripheral resistance, renal vascular
resistance HR and BP.
, Vasodilating antihypertensive that promotes hair growth
✓ ~~~ monoxidil
Prazosin MOA, contraindications and adverse effect
✓ ~~~ 1st dose syncope and hyoptension
MOA of esmolol (brevibloc)
✓ ~~~ Beta blocker. Indication: intraoperative hypertension and arrhythmia.
Alternate med for ACEI cough
✓ ~~~ ARB
which CCB slows heart conduction
✓ ~~~ diltiazem and verapamil
MOA and indication for nifedipine
✓ ~~~ CCB. Block inward flow of calcium. Decreased force of contraction (negative
inotrope), decreased CO. Effect on vascular smooth muscle > efect on cardiac
conduction. Indication: HTN, angina, raynauds. DO NOT use immediately after MI or
in acute coronary syndrome.
How to avoid nitrate tolerance if using NTG patch
✓ ~~~ remove patch in PM. Scheduled off time
MOA of NTG
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