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LIFESCI 2G03 Test 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed
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LIFESCI 2G03 Test 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed Question: What is the main function of enzymes in biological systems? Answer: Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed. Question: How does the...

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  • August 16, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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LIFESCI 2G03 Test 1 Questions and
Answers Already Passed
Question: What is the main function of enzymes in biological systems?


Answer: ✔✔ Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the

activation energy required for the reaction to proceed.




Question: How does the structure of DNA enable it to carry genetic information?


Answer: ✔✔ DNA's double-helix structure, composed of nucleotide pairs (adenine with thymine

and cytosine with guanine), allows it to store and replicate genetic information efficiently during

cell division.




Question: What is the central dogma of molecular biology?


Answer: ✔✔ The central dogma of molecular biology states that genetic information flows from

DNA to RNA and then to protein, guiding the synthesis of proteins that carry out cellular

functions.




Question: What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?




1

,Answer: ✔✔ mRNA (messenger RNA) serves as a template that carries genetic information

from DNA to ribosomes, where it is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids to form

proteins.




Question: How do mutations in DNA affect protein structure and function?


Answer: ✔✔ Mutations can alter the sequence of nucleotides in DNA, leading to changes in the

amino acid sequence of proteins, which may affect their structure and function, potentially

causing diseases or disorders.




Question: What is the significance of mitosis in multicellular organisms?


Answer: ✔✔ Mitosis is essential for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular

organisms, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the parent cell's DNA.




Question: How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?


Answer: ✔✔ Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half and introduces genetic variation

through processes like crossing over and independent assortment, contributing to genetic

diversity in sexually reproducing organisms.




Question: What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive allele?



2

, Answer: ✔✔ A dominant allele is one that expresses its trait when present, while a recessive

allele only expresses its trait when two copies are present, as it is masked by the dominant allele

when paired together.




Question: How does natural selection drive evolution?


Answer: ✔✔ Natural selection favors individuals with traits that improve their chances of

survival and reproduction, leading to the gradual adaptation of populations to their environment

over time.




Question: What is the role of ribosomes in cellular function?


Answer: ✔✔ Ribosomes are responsible for translating mRNA into proteins by facilitating the

assembly of amino acids into polypeptide chains during protein synthesis.




Question: How do chloroplasts contribute to photosynthesis in plant cells?


Answer: ✔✔ Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which captures light energy to convert carbon

dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen during photosynthesis, providing energy for the plant.




Question: What is the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg principle in population genetics?




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