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Exam (elaborations)

NUR968 Pulmonary Physiology Part 1 Test With Complete Solution

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NUR968 Pulmonary Physiology Part 1 Test With Complete Solution...

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  • August 16, 2024
  • 41
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • what does the pleura do
  • NUR968
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NUR968 Pulmonary Physiology Part 1
Test With Complete Solution


Why is the mediastinum slightly displaced to the left? - ANSWER Because of
the heart

True or false: The left lung represents 45% of total lung volume & the right
lung represents 55% of total lung volume - ANSWER True

Anatomically, the mediastinum contains all chest structures EXCEPT what? -
ANSWER Except the lungs

Where are the lungs located? - ANSWER In the pleural cavity

Are the lungs attached to the chest wall? - ANSWER No, the lungs are not
attached to the chest wall & in fact, float within the chest cavity

What is the only area where the lungs are in a "fixed" position? - ANSWER
The hilum

Mediastinum - Anesthetic Significance:

In blunt force trauma, the mediastinal & pleural structures continue to travel
until they are forced to stop. Because the hilum is a fixed structure, this is
often a point where __ occur (aorta, pulmonary vessels, vena cava, bronchi) -
ANSWER Tears

What keeps the lungs inflated? - ANSWER The pleura

"The glue"

What does the pleura do? - ANSWER Protect & cushion the lungs

,Two thin linings or membranes that do this

What is the pleural lining that covers the lungs? - ANSWER Visceral pleura

What is the pleural lining that covers the chest wall? - ANSWER Parietal
pleura

Between the two pleural linings there is a small amount (a few mL) of fluid.
What does this do? - ANSWER It lubricates the surface of the linings

-So the two surfaces glide smoothly over one another (decreases friction &
inflammation)

-The lungs are thus held in place in the thoracic cavity & yet can move freely

What does intrapleural pressure refer to? What is another name for it? -
ANSWER Refers to the pressure inside the pleural cavity

-Also known as the intrathoracic pressure

Is normal breathing negative or positive pressure? - ANSWER Negative
pressure

In normal, quiet breathing, this pressure is slightly below atmospheric
pressure

What are the 3 things that contribute to the negative intrathoracic pressure?
- ANSWER 1. The elasticity of the lungs

2. The elasticity of the thoracic cavity

3. The surface tension created by alveolar fluid

When there is a breach in the pleural space & AIR accumulates, what is this
called? What about when BLOOD accumulates? - ANSWER Air =

,Pneumothorax

Blood = Hemothorax

What zones are the lungs divided into? (2) - ANSWER 1. Conducting zone

2. Respiratory zone

Is the conducting zone involved in air exchange with the blood? - ANSWER
No

Carries air but is not involved in air exchange with blood

What structures does the conducting zone include? These contain what? (3) -
ANSWER Includes the trachea, bronchi & bronchioles

Contain:

1. Cilia

2. Cartilage (not the bronchioles)

3. Smooth muscle

Is the respiratory zone involved in air exchange with the blood? - ANSWER
Yes

Exchange O2 & CO2 here

What structures does the respiratory zone include? These contain what? (3) -
ANSWER Includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, & alveolar sacs

Contain:

1. Alveolar ducts & alveolar sacs have no cilia (respiratory bronchioles do)

2. No cartilage

, 3. Bronchioles & alveolar ducts have some smooth muscle (alveolar sacs do
not)

What does cartilage do? - ANSWER Helps prevent tracheal/bronchial collapse

So why is the respiratory zone more prone to smooth muscle constriction &
collapse? - ANSWER Since it lacks cartilage

General Anatomy - Lung Tissue

Type: Conductive

Function: Bulk gas movement

Structure: __ to __ - ANSWER Type: Conductive

Function: Bulk gas movement

Structure: Trachea to terminal bronchioles

General Anatomy - Lung Tissue

Type: Transitional

Function: Bulk gas movement

Structure: __ - ANSWER Type: Transitional

Function: Bulk gas movement

Structure: Respiratory bronchioles

General Anatomy - Lung Tissue

Type: Transitional

Function: Limited gas exchange

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