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Varcarolis Ch 2; Theories and Therapies

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Varcarolis Ch 2; Theories and Therapies Question 1: A parent says, "My 2-year-old child refuses toilet training and shouts 'No!' when given directions. What do you think is wrong?" Select the nurse's best reply. - a. "Your child needs firmer control. It is important to set limits now." - b. "...

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  • August 16, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • Varcarolis Ch 2; Theories and Therapies
  • Varcarolis Ch 2; Theories and Therapies
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Varcarolis Ch 2; Theories and Therapies
Question 1:

A parent says, "My 2-year-old child refuses toilet training and shouts 'No!' when given directions. What
do you think is wrong?" Select the nurse's best reply.

- a. "Your child needs firmer control. It is important to set limits now."

- b. "This is normal for your child's age. The child is striving for independence."

- c. "There may be developmental problems. Most children are toilet trained by age 2."

- d. "Some undesirable attitudes are developing. A child psychologist can help you develop a plan."



Answer: b. "This is normal for your child's age. The child is striving for independence."

Feedback: This behavior is typical for a child around 2 years old, as they are working on asserting their
autonomy and developing independence during this stage.



---



Question 2:

A nurse wants to find information on current evidence-based research, programs, and practices
regarding mental illness and addictions. Which resource should the nurse consult?

- a. American Psychiatric Association

- b. American Psychological Association (APA)

- c. Clinician's Quick Guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy

- d. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)



Answer: d. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)

Feedback: The SAMHSA provides a National Registry of Evidence-based Practices and Programs, making
it a valuable resource for the latest evidence-based information in mental health and addictions.



---



Question 3:

,A 26-month-old displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often says, "No!" Which
psychosocial crisis is evident?

- a. Trust versus mistrust

- b. Initiative versus guilt

- c. Industry versus inferiority

- d. Autonomy versus shame and doubt



Answer: d. Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Feedback: This crisis occurs in early childhood and is characterized by the child's struggle for
independence. The refusal to comply with toilet training reflects the expression of autonomy.



---



Question 4:

A 4-year-old grabs toys from other children and says, "I want that now!" From a psychoanalytic
perspective, this behavior is a product of impulses originating in which system of the personality?

- a. Id

- b. Ego

- c. Superego

- d. Preconscious



Answer: a. Id

Feedback: The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of desires and
impulses without regard to social norms or consequences.



---



Question 5:

The parent of a 4-year-old rewards and praises the child for helping a sibling, being polite, and using
good manners. These qualities are likely to be internalized and become part of which system of the
personality?

, - a. Id

- b. Ego

- c. Superego

- d. Preconscious



Answer: c. Superego

Feedback: The superego represents the moral conscience and includes internalized ideals from parents
and society. Praising good behavior helps reinforce these moral standards.



---



Question 6:

A nurse supports a parent for praising a child who behaves in helpful ways to others. When this child
behaves with politeness and helpfulness in adulthood, which feeling will most likely result?

- a. Guilt

- b. Anxiety

- c. Humility

- d. Self-esteem



Answer: d. Self-esteem

Feedback: The development of positive behaviors through reinforcement fosters a sense of self-worth
and self-esteem as an adult.



---



Question 7:

An adult says, "I never know the answers," and "My opinion does not count." Which psychosocial crisis
was unsuccessfully resolved for this adult?

- a. Initiative versus guilt

- b. Trust versus mistrust

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