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Biology 114 Exam 2 Prep (Answered) 208 Questions and Correct Answers With Complete Verified Solution| Latest, Updated 2024/2025. $12.99   Add to cart

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Biology 114 Exam 2 Prep (Answered) 208 Questions and Correct Answers With Complete Verified Solution| Latest, Updated 2024/2025.

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Biology 114 Exam 2 Prep (Answered) 208 Questions and Correct Answers With Complete Verified Solution| Latest, Updated 2024/2025.

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Biology 114 Exam 2 Prep (Answered) 208
Questions and Correct Answers With Complete
Verified Solution| Latest, Updated 2024/2025.
metabolism

totality of chemical reactions that occur is living organisms

metabolic pathway begins with________ and ends with __________

starting molecule, product

each step of a metabolic pathway is catalyzed by an

enzyme

a catalyst is a substance that

speeds up the chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction

the majority of known enzymes are

proteins

two types of metabolic pathways

catabolic and anabolic

catabolic

releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds

anabolic

consumes energy to build complex molecules from simple ones

thermodynamics is the study of

energy transformations

first law of thermodynamics

energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred

second law of thermodynamics

energy transfer increases the entropy (disorder) in the universe

in an open system, energy can be transferred between...

the system and its surroundings

,living organisms are _____ that lose a lot of energy through heat

open systems

free energy (G) is the

energy that is available to perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform (measure of
stability)

processes with a negative free energy...

release energy

Enthalpy (delta H)

change in total heat content of system

entropy (delta S)

change in disorder of a system

equilibrium is a state of

maximim stability

exergonic

net release of free energy (-)

endergonic

absorbs free energy (+)

three main types of work

chemical. mechanical, transport

energy coupling

using an exergonic reaction to drive and endergonic one

ATP structure

adenine nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, 3 phosphate groups

bonds between phosphate groups of ATP's tail are broken by

hydrolysis

ATP can drive an endergonic reaction by

phosphorylation (addition of a phosphate group)

ATP is a renewable resource that is regenerated by

adding a phosphate group to ADP

, The energy to phosphorylate ADP comes from

catabolic reactions

enzymes catalyze reactions by

lowering the activation energy

the reactant that the enzyme works on is called a

substrate

the enzyme binding to a substrate forms a

enzyme-substrate complex

the active site is

the region on the enzyme that the substrate binds to

the active site can lower the activation energy by:

1) orienting/positioning substrate correctly
2)straining substrate bond
3) providing a favorable microenvironment
4) covalently bonding to the substrate

an enzyme's activity can be affected by

temperature, pH, and chemicals

cofactor

non-protein compound that is bound to an enzyme and required for an enzyme to catalyze a biochemical
reaction

an organic cofactor is called a

coenzyme

competitive inhibitors

bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate for binding

noncompetitive inhibitors

bind to another part of the enzyme causing it to undergo a shape change reducing its ability to catalyze a
reaction

allosteric regulation

occurs when a regulatory molecule binds to a protein at one site and affects the protein's function of
another site

cooperativity

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