Pathophysiology SLCC Guaranteed Solutions
Homeostasis - Definition: - The body's ability to maintain a dynamic steady state of internal balance or equilibrium.
Cell Changes
1. Hyperplasia - Definition: Increased number of cells.
2. Hypertrophy - Definition: Increased size of cells. - Ca...
, - ✅ Occurs due to the breakdown of the sodium-potassium pump.
- Consequence: Sodium collects in the cell, attracting water and causing intracellular swelling.
- Fatty Changes:
- ✅ Lipid accumulation in cells leads to impaired cell functions, often resulting in conditions like "fatty
liver."
- Calcium Build-up:
- ✅ Calcium accumulates due to the breakdown of the Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ pump.
- Consequence: Inappropriate activation of cellular enzymes.
Cell Death Mechanisms
1. Apoptosis
- ✅ Controlled cell death (implosion) where all components remain within the cell, eliciting no
inflammatory response.
2. Necrosis
- ✅ Uncontrolled cell death (explosion) where cell contents are released into the extracellular space,
triggering an inflammatory response.
Organs of the Immune System
- Bone Marrow: Produces RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
- Thymus Gland: Site of T-cell production.
- Lymph Nodes
- Tonsils
- Spleen
Telomeres
- ✅ Outermost tails of the chromosome arms.
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