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COMD 5070 Final Exam Questions with Complete Solutions
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COMD 5070 Final Exam Questions withComplete Solutions
4 features of the scientific method - -Empirical: based on data
Deterministic: Obeys physical laws, things are not random
Predictive
Parsimonious: Use simplest explanation but no simpler
-How many semitones in an octave? - -12
-What is the Nyquist frequency? - -Half the sample rate
The highest frequency the recording is able to reproduce
-High pass filter - -Allows high frequencies through
-Low pass filter - -Allows low frequencies through
-Band pass filter - -Allows a band of frequencies through - holds back higher
and lower frequencies
-Band reject filter - -Holds back a band of frequencies - allows high and low
frequencies through
-What is the Fourier theorem? - -All periodic sounds are made of a
combination of sine waves. Amplitudes, phase angles and frequencies all
vary
-What does a Fourier transform create? - -A spectrum from the time domain
waveform
-What is the x-axis on a time-domain waveform? - -Time
-What is the y-axis on a time-domain waveform? - -Amplitude
-What is the x-axis on a frequency-domain line spectrum? - -Frequency
-What is the y-axis on a frequency-domain line spectrum? - -Amplitude
-What is the x-axis on a 3D spectrogram? - -Time
-What is the y-axis on a 3D spectrogram? - -Frequency
-What does darkness represent on a 3D spectrogram? - -Intensity
, -What is a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)? - -Revealing of source.
Shows harmonic energy and range of harmonics in the sound.
-What is Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) - -Revealing of filter.
Shows spectral envelope and where the resonant frequencies are.
-What does a line spectrum show? - -A snapshot in time
-What does a spectrogram show? - -Speech over time
-What is perturbation? - -Rapid and random, i.e. hoarseness
-What is modulation? - -Rhythmic change in F0 and amplitude, i.e. vocal
tremor
-Tracheal puncture - -Direct, accurate measure of subglottal pressure
during speech
Medical procedure
-Esophageal pressure - -Direct measure of subglottal pressure
Person swallows esophageal balloon
Not a very practical or common procedure
-Estimating subglottal pressure - -Time when the pressure in the mouth is
the same as below the larynx
Finding intraoral pressure during a particular time - say a series of
'papapapa' and make your measurements from that
-How do you calculate average air flow? - -if 1 liter of air is used...
and phonation lasts for 5 seconds...
average flow = 1/5 liter per second
or 200 cc/second or 0.2 liters/second
flow at a given instant may be different
-Ohm's law - -E=IR
Voice, flow and pressure are all linearly related to one another
-Estimating laryngeal resistance - -Psub (cmH2O) divided by flow (L/s)
-semitone standard deviation [how do the numbers reflect our perception of
intonation in speech?] - -Comparing SD in Hz would be fine if the mean were
the same for all speakers
Converting to semitones allows easy comparison across speakers -
semitones are scaled appropriately so that they reflect proportional changes
using semitones corresponds more closely to our pitch perception - not linear
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