BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
IB SEHS Exam Prep Questions With
Correct Answers
Long bones - answer✔✔longer than they are wide, long cylindrical shaft, ends are enlarged,
includes the femur, humerus, metatarsals, and phalanges
par-q - answer✔✔Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire: identifies people who should not
be tested in a field setting. Proceed with caution if a client answers yes to one or more questions.
May require physician clearance
par-q plus - answer✔✔
short bones - answer✔✔small, cube-shaped, usually articulate with more than one bone, includes
the tarsals and carpals
flat bones - answer✔✔curved surfaces, large area for muscles to attach, provide protection, can
be very thick/thin, includes the ribs, scapula, sternum
sesamoid bones - answer✔✔short bones embedded into tendon, places of high pressure, include
the patella (patella tendon/knee), and a set of smaller bones near the metatarsals
irregular bones - answer✔✔specialized shapes and functions, include the coccyx, sacrum,
mandible, and vertebrae
axial skeleton - answer✔✔central part of the skeleton, axis, contains 80 bones, includes the skull,
ribs, sternum, vertebral column, mainly functions to protect
appendicular skeleton - answer✔✔bones built off of the axis, 126 bones, used for movement,
energy storage, muscle attachment, calcium/phosphorous storage
articulate - answer✔✔to form a joint
tendon - answer✔✔connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
ligament - answer✔✔connective tissue that connects bone to bone
cartilage - answer✔✔reduces friction, absorbs shock, protects bones, layer of strong protective
tissue
,BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
posterior - answer✔✔behind
anterior - answer✔✔in front of
medial - answer✔✔near the midline
lateral - answer✔✔far from the midline, towards the sides
inferior - answer✔✔below
superior - answer✔✔above
articular cartilage - answer✔✔cartilage that reduces friction, absorbs shock where bones meet to
form joints
synovial membrane - answer✔✔membrane that secretes fluid into joint cavity
synovial fluid - answer✔✔joint lubricant, very fluid with movement, reduces friction, provides
nutrients to the cartilage
bursae - answer✔✔fluid-filled sacs, where bone/ligaments meet, tendons/bones meet, or
skin/bone meet, lined by synovial membrane, reduces friction
meniscus - answer✔✔cushion-like fibrocartilage disk that is found between some bones,
particularly when they don't fit well, semi-lunar disk
articular capsule - answer✔✔sleeve-like structure, allows joint movement but protects from
dislocation, fibers protect joint
proximal - answer✔✔closer to the center of the body/attachment point
distal - answer✔✔farther from the center of the body/attachment point
epiphysis - answer✔✔the ending of the bone (proximal=closer to body's axis, distal=farther from
the body's axis)
order of vertebrae bones - answer✔✔cervical(7), thoracic(12), lumbar(5), sacral(5), coccygeal
(4)
spongy bone - answer✔✔(found primarily in the epiphyses), branching, bony plates, reduced
weight, tissue with branching and interconnected spaces, also called cancellous bone, storage
center of red bone marrow
diaphysis - answer✔✔long shaft of the bone, made of compact bone, encloses the
medullary/marrow cavity
compact bone - answer✔✔tightly packed tissue, resists bending, solid, dense, homogenous,
strong
, BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
marrow cavity - answer✔✔also called medullary cavity, where yellow bone marrow is stored (in
diaphysis)
bone marrow - answer✔✔tissue that produces either blood cells, or stores lipids
periosteum - answer✔✔thin, shiny white membrane, outer lining of bone, important for growth,
repair, nutrition, and ligament/tendon attachment
fibrous joint - answer✔✔joint that has a layer of fibrous tissue connects the edges of two bones,
continuous with the periosteum, no movement allowed, as in the sutures between the parts of the
skull
cartilaginous joint - answer✔✔a disk of fibrocartilage or a thick layer of hyaline cartilage
separates bones (as in the ribs/sternum, and the vertebrae), limited movement
synovial joint - answer✔✔most important joint for motility, with various cartilages and capsules
to protect
haemopoiesis - answer✔✔blood cell production
bone - answer✔✔a matrix of collagen (protein) fibers with water and mineral salts, crystallized
into hard tissue
Wolff's law - answer✔✔bone adapts to the load it is placed under
joint (articular) cavity - answer✔✔space between the bones
hyaline cartilage - answer✔✔smooth white layer of articular cartilage covers the connecting
surfaces of two bones
gliding joint - answer✔✔usually flat or slightly curved bones (tarsal bones, carpal bones)
hinge joint - answer✔✔convex surface fits into a concave surface (knee and elbow joint)
pivot joint - answer✔✔rounded surface of one bone rolls around in a ring formed by bone and
ligament (radioulnar joint, or in the neck)
condyloid joint - answer✔✔oval shaped convex surface fits into a reciprocal shaped concave
surface ( between radius and carpal bones)
saddle joint - answer✔✔a saddle shaped bone fits against another bone (like rider on a saddle)
(between carpal and metacarpal of the thumb)
ball and socket joint - answer✔✔sphere head of one fits into rounded cavity (shoulder joint)
skeletal muscle - answer✔✔voluntary, muscles for movement, striated
striated - answer✔✔appears to be light and dark striped
